Research

=== Original research ===
{{Redirect|Original research|the Wikipedia prohibition against user-generated, unpublished research|Wikipedia:No original research|selfref=yes}}
'''Original research''', also called '''primary research''', is research that is not exclusively based on a summary, review, or synthesis of earlier publications on the subject of research. This material is of a [[Primary source|primary-source]] character. The purpose of the original research is to produce new [[knowledge]] rather than present the existing knowledge in a new form (e.g., summarized or classified).<ref>{{cite web|title=What is Original Research? Original research is considered a primary source |url=http://www.unf.edu/library/guides/originalresearch.html|publisher=Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida|access-date=9 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709085129/http://www.unf.edu/library/guides/originalresearch.html|archive-date=9 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlIH4R9Z_k8C&pg=PT75|title=Schaum's Quick Guide to Writing Great Research Papers|first=Laurie|last=Rozakis|date=2007|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0071511223}}</ref> Original research can take various forms, depending on the discipline it pertains to. In experimental work, it typically involves direct or indirect observation of the researched subject(s), e.g., in the laboratory or in the field, documents the [[methodology]], results, and conclusions of an experiment or set of experiments, or offers a novel interpretation of previous results. In [[Scientific modelling|analytical]] work, there are typically some new (for example) mathematical results produced or a new way of approaching an existing problem. In some subjects which do not typically carry out experimentation or analysis of this kind, the originality is in the particular way existing understanding is changed or re-interpreted based on the outcome of the work of the [[Academic authorship|researcher]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aare.edu.au/09pap/li091380.pdf |title=Early career researcher originality: Engaging Richard Florida's international competition for creative workers |first=Michael |last=Singh |author2=Li, Bingyi |date=6 October 2009 |publisher=Centre for Educational Research, University of Western Sydney |page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410083715/http://aare.edu.au/09pap/li091380.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=12 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The degree of originality of the research is among the major criteria for articles to be published in [[academic journal]]s and usually established by means of [[peer review]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Callaham |first1=Michael |last2=Wears|first2= Robert|last3=Weber|first3=Ellen L. |title=Journal Prestige, Publication Bias, and Other Characteristics Associated With Citation of Published Studies in Peer-Reviewed Journals |journal=JAMA |volume=287 |issue=21 |pages=2847–50 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/jama.287.21.2847|pmid=12038930 |doi-access= }}</ref> [[Graduate student]]s are commonly required to perform original research as part of a [[dissertation]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFFWt5oyA3oC&q=%22original+research%22&pg=PA178|title=Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–2007 edition|author=US Department of Labor|date=2006|publisher=Mcgraw-hill|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0071472883}}</ref>