Muhammadu Buhari

=== After the war ===
From 1970 to 1971, Buhari was Brigade Major/Commandant, Thirty-first Infantry Brigade. He then served as the Assistant Adjutant-General, First Infantry Division Headquarters, from 1971 to 1972. He also attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], Wellington, India, in 1973.<ref name="Quartz">{{cite news|author=Siddhartha Mitter|date=28 October 2015|title=India can rival China in Nigeria, by being exactly what China is not: Open and free|work=Quartz|url=http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101070327/http://qz.com/534257/india-can-rival-china-in-nigeria-by-being-exactly-what-china-is-not-open-and-free/|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1974 to 1975 Buhari was acting director of Transport and Supply at the Nigerian Army Corps of Supply and Transport Headquarters.<ref>{{cite book|author=Solomon Williams Obotetukudo|title=The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-Elected Presidents and Prime Minister, 1960–2010|publisher=University Press of America|year=2010|pages=91–92}}</ref>

In the [[1975 Nigerian coup d'état|1975 military coup d'état]], Lieutenant Colonel Buhari was among a group of officers that brought General [[Murtala Mohammed]] to power. He was later appointed Governor of the [[North-Eastern State]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|title=Nigeria : Constitution and politics|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=11 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911145142/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/constitution-politics|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|title=PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI (GCFR) &#124; Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054012/https://www.mouau.edu.ng/index.php/node/134|url-status=live}}</ref> from 1 August 1975 to 3 February 1976, to oversee social, economic and political improvements in the state. On 3 February 1976, the North Eastern State was divided into three states [[Bauchi State|Bauchi]], [[Borno State|Borno]] and [[Gongola State|Gongola]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603080911/http://nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php| archive-date = 3 June 2016| title = Nigeriaroute.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192532/http://www.nigeriaroute.com/state-structure.php |date=12 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|title=This is how the 36 states were created|date=23 October 2017|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612192656/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alapiki|first1=Henry E|date=2005|title=State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Approaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy|journal=African Studies Review|volume=48|issue=3|pages=49–65|doi=10.1353/arw.2006.0003|jstor=20065139|s2cid=146571948}}</ref> Buhari then became the first Governor of Borno State from 3 February 1976 to 15 March 1976.<ref>{{Citation |title=Matthews, Norman Derek, (19 March 1922–21 July 1976), Governor of Montserrat, since 1974 |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u157278 |work=Who Was Who |access-date=2023-09-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u157278 }}</ref>

In March 1976, following the botched [[1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt|1976 military coup d'état attempt]] which led to the assassination of General Murtala Mohammed, his deputy General [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] became the military head of state and appointed Colonel Buhari as the [[Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources (Nigeria)|Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources]] (now minister). In 1977, when the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation]] was created, Buhari was appointed as its chairman, a position he held until 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nnpcgroup.com/NNPCBusiness/Businessinformation/OilGasinNigeria/IndustryHistory.aspx|title=History of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry|publisher=Nigerian National Petroleum Company|access-date=13 August 2015|archive-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912082300/http://www.nnpcgroup.com/NNPCBusiness/BusinessInformation/OilGasinNigeria/IndustryHistory.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

During his tenure as the Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources, the government invested in pipelines and petroleum storage infrastructures. The government built about 21 petroleum storage depots all over the country from Lagos to [[Maiduguri]] and from [[Calabar]] to [[Gusau]]; the administration constructed a pipeline network that connected Bonny terminal and the Port Harcourt refinery to the depots. Also, the administration signed the contract for the construction of a refinery in [[Kaduna State|Kaduna]] and an oil pipeline that will connect the Escravos oil terminal to Warri Refinery and the proposed Kaduna refinery.<ref>"Nigeria's Oil Production on Increase." ''Afro-American'' (1893–1988): 16. 16 December 1978.</ref>

From 1978 to 1979, he was Military Secretary at the Army Headquarters and was a member of the [[Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1966–1979)|Supreme Military Council]] from 1978 to 1979. From 1979 to 1980, at the rank of colonel, Buhari (class of 1980) attended the [[US Army War College]] in [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]], in the [[United States]], and gained a [[master's degree]] in [[Strategic Studies]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Muhammed Kabir Hassan|date=31 December 2014|title=Nigeria: The Mess 'Full Literates' Have Put Us All In!|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501020034.html|work=AllAfrica|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102144609/http://allafrica.com/stories/201501020034.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 December 2014|title=A Rejoinder To 'Semi-Illiterate' PDP Secretary Prof. Wale Oladipo By Dr. M.K. Hassan|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/12/22/rejoinder-semi-illiterate-pdp-secretary-prof-wale-oladipo-dr-mk-hassan|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102155050/http://saharareporters.com/2014/12/22/rejoinder-semi-illiterate-pdp-secretary-prof-wale-oladipo-dr-mk-hassan|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon completion of the on-campus full-time resident program lasting ten months and the two-year-long, distance learning program, the [[United States Army War College]] (USAWC) awards its graduate officers a master's degree in Strategic Studies.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

'''Divisional commands held in the [[Nigerian Army]]:'''

* General Officer Commanding, 4th Infantry Division: August 1980 – January 1981<ref>[http://newtelegraphonline.com/buhari-man-of-history/]{{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref>
* General Officer Commanding, [[2 Division (Nigeria)|2nd Mechanised Infantry Division]]: January 1981 – October 1981<ref>[http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm The Source Magazine Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011300/http://www.thesourceng.com/RaceApril132015.htm|date=23 July 2015}}. Thesourceng.com. Retrieved on 4 November 2016.</ref>
* General Officer Commanding, [[3rd Division (Nigeria)|3rd Armed Division]]: October 1981 – December 1983
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