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Do not fill this in! === Other industries develop === ''[[Minneapolis Star]]'' humorist Don Morrison wrote that the city doubled, tripled, then quadrupled its population every decade, and in 1922, the city's assessed [[property value]] was $266 million, "nearly 10 times the price paid for the entire midcontinent in the Louisiana Purchase."{{sfn|Liebling|Morrison|1966|p=29}} After the milling era waned, a "modern, major city"{{sfn|Liebling|Morrison|1966|p=29}} surfaced in 1900, attracted skilled workers,{{sfn|Stipanovich|1982|p=104|loc="Thus while Minneapolis began to lose jobs in the mills, it began to acquire other jobs in management, financial administration, advertising, market research, product research and design, and other mid-level management and administrative positions. The effect was to upgrade the workforce..."}} and depended on expertise from the university's [[University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering|Institute of Technology]].{{sfn|Stipanovich|1982|p=111|loc="The university's role became more and more important as the 20th century rolled along..."}} [[File:Control Data 6600 Victor Ruiz-grayscale.jpg|thumb|[[Seymour Cray]] and colleagues began work on the [[CDC 6600]] ''(pictured)'' in downtown Minneapolis and completed the project in [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]].{{sfn|Price|2005|p=36}}|alt=Refer to caption]] In 1886, businessman George D. Munsing found that itchy wool underwear could be covered in silk. His Minneapolis textile business—known then as Munsingwear, today as Perry Ellis<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.munsingwear.com/|title=Munsingwear|access-date=May 21, 2023|publisher=[[Perry Ellis International]]|archive-date=May 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528235007/https://munsingwear.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>—lasted a century and in 1923, was the world's largest manufacturer of underwear.{{sfn|Weber|2022|p=74}} In 1922, inventor David W. Onan founded Onan Corporation (bought by Cummins in 1986<ref name=Cummins>{{cite web|url=https://www.cummins.com/timeline|title=1919–2019 History: 100 years and counting|access-date=June 4, 2023|publisher=[[Cummins]]|quote=[In 1986] Cummins purchases a 63 percent share of the Onan Corporation. The remainder is acquired in 1992, making it a fully owned subsidiary for power systems.|archive-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133241/https://www.cummins.com/timeline|url-status=live}}</ref>), that built and sold generators in Minneapolis.<ref name=Onan>{{cite web|url=https://onanfamily.org/wp-content/uploads/BOOK-ONAN-COMPANY-HISTORY-1982.pdf|title=Onan Company History: Beginnings Through 1982|first=David W. II|last=Onan|publisher=Onan Family Foundation|access-date=June 4, 2023|archive-date=July 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714105659/https://onanfamily.org/wp-content/uploads/BOOK-ONAN-COMPANY-HISTORY-1982.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Onan brought electricity to midwestern markets before power lines covered the country, and supplied about half the generator sets the US military used during World War II.{{sfn|Stipanovich|1982|p=110|}} [[Frederick McKinley Jones]] invented mobile [[refrigeration]] in Minneapolis, and with his associate founded [[Thermo King]] in 1938.<ref>{{cite news|title=Love the ice cream truck? Thank inventor Fred Jones|url=https://www.marketplace.org/2014/02/21/love-ice-cream-truck-thank-inventor-fred-jones/|work=[[Marketplace (radio program)|Marketplace]]|publisher=[[Minnesota Public Radio]]|date=February 21, 2014|access-date=May 23, 2023|last=Wallace|first=Lewis|archive-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523234102/https://www.marketplace.org/2014/02/21/love-ice-cream-truck-thank-inventor-fred-jones/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Medtronic]], founded in a Minneapolis garage in 1949,<ref>{{cite news|title=Man behind first wearable external pacemaker dies at age 94|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/man-behind-first-wearable-external-pacemaker-dies-at-age-94-1.4144201|date=October 22, 2018|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Bell Media]]|work=[[CTV News]]|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-date=May 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524185243/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/man-behind-first-wearable-external-pacemaker-dies-at-age-94-1.4144201|url-status=live}}</ref> and today domiciled in Ireland, as of 2022 usually appears in lists of the world's largest [[medical device]] makers.<ref>{{cite report|access-date=May 24, 2023|title=Medical Devices Market|publisher=Fortune Business Insights|url=https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/medical-devices-market-100085|date=June 2022|archive-date=May 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524173815/https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/medical-devices-market-100085|url-status=live}}</ref> Minnesota's computer industry was the largest and most varied in the US beginning in the 1950s, and in 1989 employed 68,000 people.{{sfn|Misa|2013|p=5}}{{efn|The computer industry in Minnesota began in 1946, when work in Washington, DC, and Ohio transferred to Saint Paul, where [[Engineering Research Associates]] was founded.{{sfn|Misa|2013|p=9}}}} [[Minneapolis-Honeywell]] built a south Minneapolis campus where their experience regulating indoor temperature earned them contracts controlling military servomechanisms like the secret [[Norden bombsight]] and the C-1 [[autopilot]].<ref name=BabbageHoneywell>{{cite web|url=http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/honeywell|title=Honeywell|access-date=May 22, 2023|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Libraries]]|work=[[Charles Babbage Institute]]|archive-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522231207/http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/honeywell|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1960s, the [[Honeywell 316]] and DDP-516 were nodes in [[ARPANET]], the internet's precursor.<ref name=BabbageHoneywell /> The [[Honeywell Project]] from 1968 until 1990 advocated for peaceful means to replace the company's military interests.<ref name=BabbageHoneywell /> General Mills built computers for [[NASA]] in northeast Minneapolis in the 1950s.<ref name=BabbageOthers>{{cite web|url=http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/other-major-players|title=Other Major Players|access-date=May 22, 2023|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Libraries]]|work=[[Charles Babbage Institute]]|archive-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522231440/http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/other-major-players|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1957, [[Control Data]] began in downtown Minneapolis, where in the [[CDC 1604]] they replaced [[vacuum tube]]s with [[transistor]]s. Later Control Data moved to the suburbs{{efn|Control Data moved office in 1962, at the request of chief designer [[Seymour Cray]], to Cray's hometown of [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], to give fewer distractions{{sfn|Murray|1997|p=81}} as he and colleagues built the [[CDC 6600]], generally called the first [[supercomputer]]. Corporate offices remained in Minneapolis until 1960 when they moved to the suburbs.<ref name=BabbageCDC />}} and built the [[CDC 6600]] and [[CDC 7600]], the first [[supercomputer]]s.<ref name=BabbageCDC /> A highly successful business until disbanded in 1990, Control Data opened a facility in economically depressed north Minneapolis in 1967, bringing jobs and good publicity.<ref name=BabbageCDC>{{cite web|url=http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/control-data-corporation|title=Control Data Corporation|access-date=May 22, 2023|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Libraries]]|work=[[Charles Babbage Institute]]|archive-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522230028/http://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/digital-state/control-data-corporation|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[University of Minnesota]] formed an educational computing group that placed three or four personal computers in every Minnesota school, and in 1991 the group's personnel released [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]] on a [[Macintosh SE/30]] which ran until World Wide [[Web traffic]] surpassed Gopher traffic in 1994.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.minnpost.com/business/2016/08/rise-and-fall-gopher-protocol/|title=The rise and fall of the Gopher protocol|first=Tim|last=Gihring|date=August 11, 2016|work=[[MinnPost]]|access-date=May 22, 2023|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210211738/https://www.minnpost.com/business/2016/08/rise-and-fall-gopher-protocol/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1960s, developers and city leaders successfully contended with shopping attractions in suburbia{{sfn|Nathanson|2010|p=164}}—the pioneering [[Southdale Center]]{{sfn|Nathanson|2010|p=163}} and later the [[Mall of America]].{{sfn|Nathanson|2010|p=183}} The new [[Minneapolis Skyway System]] and the [[Nicollet Mall]] brought with them a heyday for downtown.{{sfn|Nathanson|2010|p=175}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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