Giotto

===Style===
Giotto's style drew on the solid and classicizing sculpture of [[Arnolfo di Cambio]]. Unlike those by Cimabue and Duccio, Giotto's figures are not stylized or elongated and do not follow Byzantine models. They are solidly three-dimensional, have faces and gestures that are based on close observation, and are clothed, not in swirling formalized drapery, but in garments that hang naturally and have form and weight. He also took bold steps in foreshortening and having characters face inwards, with their backs towards the observer, creating the illusion of space. The figures occupy compressed settings with naturalistic elements, often using forced [[Perspective (graphical)|perspective]] devices so that they resemble stage sets. This similarity is increased by Giotto's careful arrangement of the figures in such a way that the viewer appears to have a particular place and even an involvement in many of the scenes.  That can be seen most markedly in the arrangement of the figures in the ''Mocking of Christ'' and ''[[Lamentation (The Mourning of Christ)|Lamentation]]'' in which the viewer is bidden by the composition to become mocker in one and mourner in the other.
[[File:Compianto sul Cristo morto.jpg|thumb|''[[Lamentation of Christ|Lamentation (The Mourning of Christ)]]'', Scrovegni Chapel]]

Giotto's depiction of the human face and emotion sets his work apart from that of his contemporaries. When the disgraced Joachim returns sadly to the hillside, the two young shepherds look sideways at each other. The soldier who drags a baby from its screaming mother in the ''Massacre of the Innocents'' does so with his head hunched into his shoulders and a look of shame on his face. The people on the road to Egypt gossip about Mary and Joseph as they go. Of Giotto's realism, the 19th-century English critic [[John Ruskin]] said, "He painted the Madonna and St. Joseph and the Christ, yes, by all means... but essentially Mamma, Papa and Baby".<ref name=Sarel/>

Famous narratives in the series include the ''[[Adoration of the Magi]]'', in which a comet-like [[Star of Bethlehem]] streaks across the sky. Giotto is thought to have been inspired by the 1301 appearance of [[Halley's comet]], which led to the 1986 [[space probe]] ''[[Giotto mission|Giotto]]'' being named after the artist.