Fallen angel

=== Jubilees ===
{{Main|Book of Jubilees}}
The [[Book of Jubilees]], an ancient Jewish religious work, accepted as canonical by the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church]] and [[Beta Israel]], refers to the Watchers, who are among the angels created on the first day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/bep/bep02.htm|title=The Book of Enoch the Prophet: Chapter I-XX|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>Todd R. Hanneken ''The Subversion of the Apocalypses in the Book of Jubilees'' Society of Biblical Lit {{ISBN|978-1-58983-643-3}} p. 57</ref> However, unlike the (first) Book of Enoch, the Watchers are commanded by God to descend to earth and to instruct humanity.<ref>Todd R. Hanneken ''The Subversion of the Apocalypses in the Book of Jubilees'' Society of Biblical Lit {{ISBN|978-1-58983-643-3}} p. 59</ref><ref>Annette Yoshiko Reed ''Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-85378-1}} p. 90</ref> It is only after they copulate with human women that they transgress the laws of God.<ref name="ReferenceB">Chad T. Pierce ''Spirits and the Proclamation of Christ: 1 Peter 3:18–22 in Light of Sin and Punishment Traditions in Early Jewish and Christian Literature'' Mohr Siebeck 2011 {{ISBN|978-3-16-150858-5}} p. 112</ref> These illicit unions result in demonic offspring, who battle each other until they die, while the Watchers are bound in the depths of the earth as punishment.<ref>Jeffrey Burton Russell ''The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity'' Cornell University Press 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-8014-9409-3}} p. 193</ref> In Jubilees 10:1, another angel called [[Mastema]] appears as the leader of the evil spirits.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> He asks God to spare some of the demons, so he might use their aid to lead humankind into sin. Afterwards, he becomes their leader:<ref name="ReferenceB" /> {{quotation|Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them harken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men. (10:8)}}

Both the (first) Book of Enoch and the Book of Jubilees include the motif of angels introducing evil to humans. However, unlike the Book of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees does not hold that evil was caused by the fall of angels in the first place, although their introduction to sin is affirmed. Further, while the fallen angels in the Book of Enoch are acting against God's will, the fallen angels and demons in the Book of Jubilees seem to have no power independent from God but only act within his power.<ref>Todd R. Hanneken ''The Subversion of the Apocalypses in the Book of Jubilees'' Society of Biblical Lit {{ISBN|978-1-58983-643-3}} p. 60</ref>