Ebola

===Bleeding===
In some cases, internal and external bleeding may occur.<ref name="WHO2014" /> This typically begins five to seven days after the first symptoms.<ref name="urlwhqlibdoc.who.int">{{Cite book |title=Marburg and Ebola virus infections: a guide for their diagnosis, management, and control |vauthors=Simpson DI |publisher=World Health Organization |year=1977 |isbn=924170036X |page=10f |hdl=10665/37138 |id=WHO offset publication; no. 36 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> All infected people show some [[bleeding disorder|decreased blood clotting]].<ref name="Hoenen2006" /> Bleeding from mucous membranes or from sites of needle punctures has been reported in 40–50% of cases.<ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = King JW, Rafeek H | date =  14 January 2021 | veditors = Chandrasekar PH |title=Ebola Virus, Clinical Presentation |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216288-clinical#showall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101205843/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216288-clinical#showall |archive-date=1 January 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012 |publisher=Medscape }}</ref> This may cause [[haematemesis|vomiting blood]], [[haemoptysis|coughing up of blood]], or [[blood in stool]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix A: Disease-Specific Chapters – Chapter: Hemorrhagic fevers caused by: i) Ebola virus and ii) Marburg virus and iii) Other viral causes including bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and flaviviruses |url=http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/oph_standards/docs/hemorrhagic_fevers_chapter.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015081924/http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/oph_standards/docs/hemorrhagic_fevers_chapter.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2014 |access-date=9 October 2014 |publisher=[[Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care]]}}</ref> Bleeding into the skin may create [[petechia]]e, [[purpura]], [[Ecchymosis|ecchymoses]] or [[haematoma]]s (especially around needle injection sites).<ref name="Feldmann2011" /> [[Subconjunctival haemorrhage|Bleeding into the whites of the eyes]] may also occur.<ref name="ShanthaEye2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shantha JG, Yeh S, Nguyen QD | title = Ebola virus disease and the eye | journal = Current Opinion in Ophthalmology | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 538–544 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27585217 | doi = 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000313 | type = Review | s2cid = 34367099 }}</ref> Heavy bleeding is uncommon; if it occurs, it is usually in the [[gastrointestinal tract]].<ref name="West2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = West TE, von Saint André-von Arnim A | title = Clinical presentation and management of severe Ebola virus disease | journal = Annals of the American Thoracic Society | volume = 11 | issue = 9 | pages = 1341–1350 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25369317 | doi = 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201410-481PS | type = Review }}</ref> The incidence of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract was reported to be ~58% in the 2001 outbreak in Gabon,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma N, Cappell MS | title = Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of Ebola Virus Infection | journal = Digestive Diseases and Sciences | volume = 60 | issue = 9 | pages = 2590–2603 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 25972150 | doi = 10.1007/s10620-015-3691-z | s2cid = 5674317 | doi-access = free }}</ref> but in the 2014–15 outbreak in the US it was ~18%,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ebola virus disease Information for Clinicians in U.S. Healthcare Settings {{!}} For Clinicians {{!}} Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) {{!}} Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/clinicians/evd/clinicians.html |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> possibly due to improved prevention of [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]].<ref name="Sharma2015" />