Boxing

===Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)===
In 1867, the [[Marquess of Queensberry rules]] were drafted by [[John Graham Chambers|John Chambers]] for amateur championships held at [[Lillie Bridge]] in London for [[lightweight]]s, [[middleweight]]s and [[heavyweight]]s. The rules were published under the patronage of the [[John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry|Marquess of Queensberry]], whose name has always been associated with them.

[[File:Leonard Cushing Kinetograph 1894.ogv|thumb|right|The June 1894 Leonard–Cushing bout. Each of the six one-minute rounds recorded by the [[Kinetoscope|Kinetograph]] was made available to exhibitors for $22.50.<ref>[http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/papr:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(edmp+4026))+@field(COLLID+edison)) Leonard–Cushing fight] Part of the Library of Congress ''Inventing Entertainment'' educational website. Retrieved 12/14/06.</ref> Customers who watched the final round saw Leonard score a knockdown.]]

There were twelve rules in all, and they specified that fights should be "a fair stand-up boxing match" in a 24-foot-square or similar ring. Rounds were three minutes with one-minute rest intervals between rounds. Each fighter was given a ten-second count if he was knocked down, and wrestling was banned.
The introduction of [[boxing gloves|gloves]] of "fair-size" also changed the nature of the bouts. An average pair of boxing gloves resembles a bloated pair of mittens and are laced up around the wrists.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Marquess-of-Queensberry-rules |title=Britannica.com (2006). ''Queensbury Rules'', Britannica |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref>
The gloves can be used to block an opponent's blows. As a result of their introduction, bouts became longer and more strategic with greater importance attached to defensive maneuvers such as slipping, bobbing, countering and angling. Because less defensive emphasis was placed on the use of the forearms and more on the gloves, the classical forearms outwards, torso leaning back stance of the bare knuckle boxer was modified to a more modern stance in which the torso is tilted forward and the hands are held closer to the face.