Black sheep Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Explanations=== [[File:Mirosław Bałka - Czarny papież i czarna owca (1987)01.jpg|thumb|''Black Pope and Black Sheep'', a sculpture by [[Mirosław Bałka]], 1987]] A prominent explanation of the black sheep effect derives from the social identity approach ([[social identity theory]]<ref name="Tajfel & Turner (1979)">{{ cite book |author1=Worchel, S. |author2=Austin, W. G. | title = The Social psychology of intergroup relations. | year = 1979 | publisher = Brooks-Cole | location = Monterey, CA }}</ref> and [[self-categorization theory]]<ref name="Turner et al. (1987)">{{ cite book |author1=Turner, J. C. |author2=Hogg, M. A. |author3=Oakes, P. J. |author4=Reicher, S. D. |author5= Wetherell, M. S. | title = Rediscovering the Social group: A self-categorization theory. | year = 1987 | publisher = Blackwell | location = Oxford }}</ref>). Group members are motivated to sustain a positive and distinctive [[social identity]] and, as a consequence, group members emphasize likeable members and evaluate them more positive than outgroup members, bolstering the positive image of their ingroup ([[ingroup bias]]). Furthermore, the positive social identity may be threatened by group members who deviate from a relevant group norm. To protect the positive group image, ingroup members derogate ingroup deviants more harshly than deviants of an outgroup (Marques, Abrams, Páez, & Hogg, 2001).<ref name="Marques et al. (2001)">{{ cite book |author1=Hogg, M. A. |author2= Tindale, S. | title = Blackwell handbook of social psychology: group processes. | year = 2001 | publisher = Blackwell | location = Malden, Mass }}</ref> Eidelman and Biernat wrote in 2003 that personal identities are also threatened through deviant ingroup members. They argue that devaluation of deviant members is an individual response of interpersonal differentiation.<ref name="Eidelman & Biernat (2003)">{{ cite journal | last = Eidelman | first = S. |author2=Biernat, M. | title = Derogating black sheep: Individual or group protection? | journal = Journal of Experimental Social Psychology | year = 2003 | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 602–609 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00042-8 }}</ref> Khan and Lambert suggested in 1998 that [[cognitive process]]es such as assimilation and contrast, which may underline the effect, should be examined.<ref name="Khan & Lambert (1998)" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page