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Switch editorYou have switched to source editingCloseYou can switch back to visual editing at any time by clicking on this icon.Visual editingSource editingMorePreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===The junior Shimun line of Qochanis=== During the second half of the 16th century, traditionalist patriarchs of the Eliya line were faced with the continuous presence of the pro-Catholic movement, led by successors of [[Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa]]. After his death in 1555, the newly established line of patriarchs who were united with the Catholic Church was continued by [[Abdisho IV Maron]] (1555–1570), who remained in [[full communion]] with the Catholic Church. He visited Rome and was officially confirmed by the [[Pope|Pope of Rome]] in 1562.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=22-23}} Soon after his death, connections with Rome were weakened for the first time during the tenure of Patriarch [[Yahballaha IV]] who did not seek confirmation from the Pope.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=23}} That interlude was ended by his successor [[Shimun IX Dinkha]] (1580–1600) who restored full communion with the Catholic Church, and was officially confirmed by the Pope in 1584.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=23-24}} After his death, the patriarchal office was made hereditary, and Patriarchs of this line continued to use the name ''Shimun'', thus creating the Shimun line. Hereditary succession was not acceptable to Rome, and during the tenure of the next Patriarch [[Shimun X Eliyah]] (1600–1638) ties with the Catholic Church were loosened again. In 1616, Shimun X signed a traditional profession of faith that was not accepted by the Pope, leaving the Patriarch without Rome's confirmation.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=24, 315}} His successor [[Shimun XI Eshuyow]] (1638–1656) restored communion with the Catholic Church as late as 1653, eventually receiving confirmation from the Pope.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25}} By that time, the movement towards full commitment to the traditional faith was constantly growing stronger within the Shimun line. When the next Patriarch [[Shimun XII Yoalaha]] decided to send his profession of faith to the Pope, he was deposed by his bishops because of his pro-Catholic attitude. The Pope tried to intervene on his behalf, but without success.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25}} Final resolution of conflicts within the Shimun line occurred under the next Patriarch [[Shimun XIII Dinkha]] (1662–1700), who definitively broke communion with the Catholic Church. In 1670, he gave a traditionalist reply to an approach that was made from the Pope, and by 1672 all connections with the Catholic Church were terminated.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25, 316}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=114, 118, 174–175}} At the same time, Patriarch Shimun XIII moved his seat from [[Diyarbakır|Amid]] to [[Qudshanis|Qochanis]]. After the final return to the traditional faith, Patriarchs of the Shimun line decided to keep their independence and after that time there were two independent lines of traditional patriarchs: the senior Eliya line in Alqosh and the junior Shimun line in Qochanis.{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999a|p=235-264}} Such division was additionally caused by the complex structure of local [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] communities, traditionally organized as tribal confederations with each [[List of Assyrian tribes|tribe]] being headed by a local lord (''[[malik]]''), while each ''malik'' was ultimately subject to the patriarch, who mediated between Christian Assyrians and the Ottoman authorities.{{sfn|Wigram|1914}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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