Applied mathematics

== Utility ==
[[File:Market Data Index NYA on 20050726 202628 UTC.png|right|thumb|[[Mathematical finance]] is concerned with the modelling of financial markets.]]

Historically, mathematics was most important in the [[natural sciences]] and [[engineering]]. However, since [[World War II]], fields outside the physical sciences have spawned the creation of new areas of mathematics, such as [[game theory]] and [[social choice theory]], which grew out of economic considerations. Further, the utilization and development of mathematical methods expanded into other areas leading to the creation of new fields such as [[mathematical finance]] and [[data science]].

The advent of the computer has enabled new applications: studying and using the new computer technology itself ([[computer science]]) to study problems arising in other areas of science (computational science) as well as the mathematics of computation (for example, [[theoretical computer science]], [[computer algebra]],<ref>Von Zur Gathen, J., & Gerhard, J. (2013). Modern computer algebra. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Geddes, K. O., Czapor, S. R., & Labahn, G. (1992). Algorithms for computer algebra. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref>Albrecht, R. (2012). Computer algebra: symbolic and algebraic computation (Vol. 4). Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref>Mignotte, M. (2012). Mathematics for computer algebra. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> [[numerical analysis]]<ref name="stoer">Stoer, J., & Bulirsch, R. (2013). Introduction to numerical analysis. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref name="conte">Conte, S. D., & De Boor, C. (2017). Elementary numerical analysis: an algorithmic approach. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]].</ref><ref name="green">Greenspan, D. (2018). Numerical Analysis. CRC Press.</ref><ref name="linz">Linz, P. (2019). Theoretical numerical analysis. Courier Dover Publications.</ref>). [[Statistics]] is probably the most widespread [[mathematical science]] used in the [[social sciences]].