South Sudan

=== Debt ===
In terms of South Sudan's external debt, Sudan and South Sudan maintain a shared debt of approximately US$38 billion, all of which has accumulated throughout the past five decades.<ref>{{cite web|last=Badawi|first=Ahmad|date=3 October 2011|url=http://africanarguments.org/2011/10/03/a-greek-tragedy-is-sudan%E2%80%99s-woe-sudan-should-be-relieved-of-foreign-debt-by-ahmed-badawi/|title=A Greek Tragedy is Sudan's Woe: Sudan Must be Relieved of Foreign Debt Quickly|publisher=African Arguments|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329101159/http://africanarguments.org/2011/10/03/a-greek-tragedy-is-sudan%e2%80%99s-woe-sudan-should-be-relieved-of-foreign-debt-by-ahmed-badawi/|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Though a small portion of this debt is owed to such international institutions as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (approximately US$5.3 billion according to a 2009 report provided by the Bank of Sudan), the bulk of its debt load is actually owed to numerous foreign actors that have provided the nation with financial loans, including the [[Paris Club]] (over US$11 billion) and also non-Paris Club bilateral creditors (over US$13 billion).<ref>{{cite web|last=Leo|first=Benjamin|year=2009|url=http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424644|title=Sudan Debt Dynamics: Status Quo, Southern Secession, Debt Division, and Oil&nbsp;– a Financial Framework for the Future|publisher=Center for Global Development|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512004905/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424644|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Paris Club refers to an informal group of financial officials from 19 of the world's most influential economies, including such member nations as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Canada, while non-Paris Club bilateral creditors refers to any entity that does not enjoy permanent/associated status as a Paris Club member.<ref>{{cite web|year=2012|url=http://www.clubdeparis.org/sections/composition/membres-permanents-et/membres-permanents|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628015530/http://www.clubdeparis.org/sections/composition/membres-permanents-et/membres-permanents|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 June 2009|title=Permanent Members|publisher=Paris Club}}</ref> Private bilateral creditors (i.e. private commercial banks and private credit suppliers) account for the majority of the remainder (approximately US$6 billion of the total debt).<ref>{{cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Medani|year=2008|url=http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3080-external-debts-growth-and-peace-in-the-sudan.pdf|title=External Debts, Growth and Peace in the Sudan|publisher=CHR. Michelsen Institute|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607171151/http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3080-external-debts-growth-and-peace-in-the-sudan.pdf|archive-date=7 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>