South Korea

=== Biotechnology ===
Since the 1980s, the government has invested in the development of a domestic [[biotechnology]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bio2008.org/siteobjects/published/ec046034f6d7506aa06582be6902d018/af4810817445624b5dbc9d45f79c348b/file/Korea%20Country%20Profile.pdf |title=Bio International Convention Korea Country Profile |publisher=Bio2008.org |access-date=29 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917091259/http://www.bio2008.org/siteobjects/published/ec046034f6d7506aa06582be6902d018/af4810817445624b5dbc9d45f79c348b/file/Korea%20Country%20Profile.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2011}}</ref> The medical sector accounts for a large part of the production, including production of [[Hepatitis A vaccine|hepatitis vaccines]] and [[antibiotic]]s. Research and development in [[genetics]] and [[cloning]] has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, [[Snuppy]] in 2005, and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of [[gray wolves]] by the [[Seoul National University]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|author=AFP |url=http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/03/26/clonedwolf_ani.html |title=Discovery Channel :: News&nbsp;– Animals :: Endangered Wolf Cloned in South Korea |publisher=Dsc.discovery.com |access-date=25 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109213341/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/03/26/clonedwolf_ani.html |archive-date=9 January 2010}}</ref> The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the [[Hwang Woo-Suk#Controversies|scientific misconduct]] case involving [[Hwang Woo-Suk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philau.edu/schools/liberalarts/news/documents/AbdulhaqqSSH.pdf|title=Biotechnology|access-date=25 April 2010}}</ref>

Since late 2020, SK Bioscience Inc. (a division of [[SK Group]]) has been producing a major proportion of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Vaxzevria]] vaccine (also known as COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca), under license from the [[University of Oxford]] and [[AstraZeneca]], for worldwide distribution through the [[COVAX]] facility under the [[WHO]] hospice. A recent agreement with [[Novavax]] expands its production for a second vaccine to 40 million doses in 2022, with a $450 million investment in domestic and overseas facilities.<ref>Dunleavy, Kevin (25 February 2021). [https://www.fiercepharma.com/manufacturing/ipo-sk-bioscience-has-big-plans-for-expansion "With $900M IPO, SK Bioscience has big plans for manufacturing expansion—even beyond COVID-19 vaccines"] ''FiercePharma''. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</ref>