Lyndon B. Johnson

===Judicial appointments===
{{see also|Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointments|Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies}}
[[File:Thurgood-marshall-2.jpg|thumb|upright|Johnson appointed [[Thurgood Marshall]], the first African American justice, to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]].]]

Johnson appointed Justices [[Abe Fortas]] (1965) and [[Thurgood Marshall]] (1967) to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]. Johnson anticipated court challenges to his legislative measures in 1965 and thought it advantageous to have a "mole" in the Supreme Court to provide him with inside information, as he was able to get from the legislative branch. Abe Fortas in particular Johnson thought could fill the bill. The opportunity arose when an opening occurred for ambassador to the UN, with Adlai Stevenson's death; Associate Justice [[Arthur Goldberg]] accepted Johnson's offer to transfer to the UN position. Johnson insisted on Fortas assuming Goldberg's seat, over Fortas's wife's objection that it was too early in his career.<ref>{{harvnb|Dallek|1998|pp=233–235}}</ref> When [[Earl Warren]] announced his retirement in 1968, Johnson nominated Fortas to succeed him as [[Chief Justice of the United States]], and nominated [[Homer Thornberry]] to succeed Fortas as associate justice. However, Fortas's nomination was filibustered by senators, and neither nominee was voted upon by the full Senate.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}