New York City

== Transportation ==
{{Main|Transportation in New York City}}

=== Rapid transit ===
[[File:Port-authority-terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Port Authority Bus Terminal]], the world's busiest bus station, at [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]]<ref name=Record2021/><ref name=PABT2008/>]]

Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City metropolitan area.<ref name="MTAinfo">{{cite web |title = The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region |url = http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |access-date = August 30, 2012 |publisher = [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Pisarski |first = Alan |date = October 16, 2006 |title = Commuting in America III: Commuting Facts |url = http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf |access-date = August 30, 2012 |publisher = [[Transportation Research Board]] }}</ref>

==== Buses ====
New York City's public [[MTA Regional Bus Operations|bus fleet]] runs [[24/7 service|24/7]] and is the largest in North America.<ref>{{cite web |title = Top 100 Transit Bus Fleets |url = http://www.metro-magazine.com/resources/septoct_top100.pdf |access-date = April 20, 2015 |work = [[Metro Magazine]] |page = 4 |archive-date = October 11, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171011010537/http://www.metro-magazine.com/resources/septoct_top100.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> The New York City bus system serves the most passengers of any city in the nation: In 2022, [[New York City Transit Authority|MTA New York City Transit]]'s buses served 483.5 million trips, while [[MTA Regional Bus Operations]] handled 100.3 million trips.<ref>[https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/2022-Q4-Ridership-APTA.pdf#page=8 ''Public Transportation Ridership Report: Fourth Quarter 2022''], [[American Public Transportation Association]], March 1, 2023. Accessed February 13, 2024.</ref>

The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] is the city's main [[intercity bus]] terminal and the world's busiest bus station, serving 250,000 passengers on 7,000 buses each workday in a building opened in 1950 that was designed to accommodate 60,000 daily passengers. A 2021 plan announced by the Port Authority would spend $10 billion to expand capacity and modernize the facility.<ref name=PABT2008>[https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/press-room/press-release-archives/2008_press_releases/architect_chosenforplannedofficetoweraboveportauthoritybustermin.html Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing], [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], dated November 17, 2008. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The Port Authority Bus Terminal opened in 1950 and has become the busiest bus passenger facility in the world, handling 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters each day. It includes 223 bus gates, retail and commercial space, and public parking for 1,250 vehicles."</ref><ref name=NYT2021>McGeehan, Patrick; and Hu, Winnie. [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal.html "'Notorious' Port Authority Bus Terminal May Get a $10 Billion Overhaul"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 21, 2021, updated September 23, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The bus terminal plan, which has been in the works for more than seven contentious years, would cost as much as $10 billion and could take a decade to complete.... More than 250,000 people passed through it on a typical weekday before the pandemic, according to the Port Authority.... The bus terminal, a brick hulk perched at the mouth of the Lincoln Tunnel, has long exceeded its capacity — when it opened in late 1950, it was expected to handle 60,000 passengers a day."</ref><ref name=Record2021>Wilson, Colleen. [https://www.northjersey.com/in-depth/news/transportation/2021/06/30/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement-meet-commuter-needs/7685645002/ "Port Authority Bus Terminal was once a marvel. Will the next one meet commuters' needs?"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', June 30, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "Becoming the busiest bus terminal in the world doesn't happen without also bearing the brunt of blame every time a commute goes horribly wrong — deserved or otherwise.... The popularity of bus commuting over the Hudson River has steadily risen over the last seven decades, with some 260,000 people a day coming through the terminal pre-pandemic.... A more efficient terminal should improve some of the delays through the Lincoln Tunnel and exclusive bus lane (XBL), the dedicated lane in the morning that converges all buses into a single lane from I-495 into the Lincoln Tunnel from New Jersey."</ref> In 2024, the Port Authority announced plans for a new terminal that would feature a glass atrium at a new main entrance on 41st Street.<ref>Hill, John. [https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/headlines/renderings-of-new-midtown-bus-terminal-revealed "Renderings of New Midtown Bus Terminal Revealed"], World Architects, February 5, 2024. Accessed February 13, 2024. "Not surprisingly, the two renderings included in last week's announcement show the main terminal and are accompanied by photos of the existing to depict a dramatic departure from the current situation. Compare the existing intersection of 8th Avenue and 41st Street (below) with a rendering of the same (above), in which a portion of 41st Street would be closed to create an 'iconic' atrium entrance."</ref><ref>McGeehan, Patrick. [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/01/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement.html "A Look at the $10 Billion Design for a New Port Authority Bus Terminal The Port Authority unveiled a revised design for a replacement of the much-reviled transit hub, which opened in 1950."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 1, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "Instead of the dismal, brick hulk that has darkened two full blocks of Midtown Manhattan for more than 70 years, there would be a bright, modern transit hub topped by two office towers.... Construction is expected to take eight years, he said, meaning the project could be completed by 2032."</ref>

==== Rail ====
{{Main|New York City Subway}}
[[File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg|alt=A row of yellow taxis in front of a multi-story ornate stone building with three huge arched windows.|thumb|New York City is home to the two busiest [[train station]]s in the U.S., [[Grand Central Terminal]] (pictured) and [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]].]]
[[File:R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg|alt=The front end of a subway train, with a red E on a LED display on the top. To the right of the train is a platform with a group of people waiting for their train.|thumb|The [[New York City Subway]], the world's largest [[rapid transit]] system by number of [[Train station|stations]]]]
The [[New York City Subway]] system is the largest [[rapid transit]] system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with {{NYCS const|number|total}}, and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hu|first1=Winnie|last2=Schweber|first2=Nate|last3=Piccoli|first3=Sean|date=2021-05-17|title=New York City Subway Returns to 24-Hour Service|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/17/nyregion/nyc-subway-full-service-24-hours.html|access-date=2023-07-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The New York City Subway is [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides|the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere]],<ref name="Railway Technology 2014 m729">{{cite web | title=The world's top 10 busiest metros | website=Railway Technology | date=November 12, 2014 | url=https://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurethe-worlds-top-10-busiest-metros-4433827/ | access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> with 1.70&nbsp;billion passenger rides in 2019,<ref name="MTA p768">{{cite web | title=Subway and bus ridership for 2021 | website=MTA | url=https://new.mta.info/agency/new-york-city-transit/subway-bus-ridership-2021 | access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> while [[Grand Central Terminal]] is the world's largest [[Train station|railway station]] by number of [[train platform]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-railway-station-(no-of-platforms)|title=Largest railway station (no. of platforms)|website=Guinness World Records|access-date=December 11, 2018}}</ref>

Public transport is widely used in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using [[Public transport|mass transit]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Christie |first = Les |date = June 29, 2007 |title = New Yorkers are Top Transit Users |publisher = [[CNNMoney.com]] |url = https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm |access-date = January 2, 2008 }}</ref> This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where 91% of commuters travel in automobiles to their workplace.<ref name="2001summary">{{cite web |year = 2001 |title = NHTS 2001 Highlights Report, BTS03-05 |url = http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050514220419/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf |archive-date = May 14, 2005 |access-date = September 1, 2008 |publisher = [[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]] }}</ref> According to the [[New York City Comptroller]], workers in the New York City area spend an average of 6{{nbsp}}hours and 18 minutes getting to work each week, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities.<ref>{{cite report |url = http://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/Longest_Work_Weeks_March_2015.pdf |title = The Hardest Working Cities |date = March 2015 |publisher = [[New York City Comptroller|Office of the New York City Comptroller]] }}</ref> New York is the only U.S. city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Weinberger |first1 = Rachel |last2 = Kaehny |first2 = John |last3 = Rufo |first3 = Matthew |year = 2010 |title = U.S. Parking Policies: An Overview of Management Strategies |url = http://www.infrastructureusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/itdp_parking_fullreport.pdf |access-date = June 11, 2011 |publisher = [[Institute for Transportation and Development Policy]] |page = 62 |quote = New York City is the largest, densest and most transit- and pedestrian-oriented city in the United States. It is the only U.S. city in which a majority of households do not have a car. Despite this, New York City is very much an American city in the way it under prices and under uses curbside parking meters. Meter rates are far lower than in other leading world cities, and New York suffers from high levels of cruising and double parking (p. 62)&nbsp;... Nationally 90% of households own automobiles. New Yorkers own fewer at 48% with only 22% of Manhattan residents owning automobiles (p. 78) }}</ref> Due to their [[List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership|high usage of mass transit]], New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19&nbsp;billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.<ref>{{cite web |date = April 21, 2010 |title = New York City's Green Dividend |url = http://www.streetsblog.org/2010/04/21/sustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year/ |access-date = January 26, 2012 |publisher = CEOs for Cities |archive-date = November 1, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161101135006/http://www.streetsblog.org/2010/04/21/sustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year/ |url-status = dead }}</ref>

New York City's [[commuter rail]] network is the largest in North America.<ref name="MTAinfo" /> The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the [[Long Island Rail Road]], [[Metro-North Railroad]], and [[New Jersey Transit rail operations|New Jersey Transit]]. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and [[New York Penn Station]] and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines.<ref name="MTAinfo" /> The elevated [[AirTrain JFK]] in Queens connects [[JFK International Airport]] to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road.<ref>[https://www.jfkairport.com/to-from-airport/public-transportation Public Transportation], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]. Accessed January 15, 2024.</ref> For [[inter-city rail]], New York City is served by [[Amtrak]], whose busiest station by a significant margin is Penn Station on the [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]] of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the [[Northeast Corridor]], and long-distance train service to other North American cities.<ref>{{cite web |title = National Fact Sheet Fiscal Year 2013 |url = http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150410143624/http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf |archive-date = April 10, 2015 |access-date = April 20, 2015 |publisher = [[Amtrak]] }}</ref>

The [[Staten Island Railway]] rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day, with access to Manhattan from the [[St. George Terminal]] via the [[Staten Island Ferry]].<ref>[https://new.mta.info/document/14061 Staten Island Railway Timetable], [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]], effective January 2020. Accessed January 15, 2024. "MTA Staten Island Railway – service runs 24 hours a day between the St George and Tottenville terminals. At the St George terminal, customers can make connections with Staten Island Ferry service to Manhattan."</ref> The [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] train links Midtown and Lower Manhattan with [[Hoboken Terminal]], and [[Newark Penn Station]] in New Jersey with the [[World Trade Center station (PATH)|World Trade Center Oculus]] across the Hudson River.<ref>[https://www.panynj.gov/path/en/schedules-maps.html PATH Schedules and Maps], [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]. Accessed January 15, 2024.</ref> Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day, meaning three of the five rapid transit systems in the United States which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York.<ref>Cohn, Emily. [https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-subway-runs-all-night-and-thats-why-its-great-2017-8 "Say what you want about the NYC subway — there's one thing that makes it much better than most other subways in the world"], ''[[Business Insider]]'', August 28, 2017. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Only five rapid transit systems in the country have 24-hour service, and three of them — the subway, the Staten Island Railway, and the PATH — all service New York City. Chicago's 'L' is only 24/7 on some of its lines."</ref>

Multibillion-dollar [[heavy rail]] transit projects under construction in New York City include the [[Second Avenue Subway]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Dobnik |first = Verena |date = February 7, 2013 |title = NYC Transit Projects: East Side Access, Second Avenue Subway, And 7 Train Extension (PHOTOS) |work = [[HuffPost]] |url = https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html |url-status = dead |access-date = August 15, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130208120505/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html |archive-date = February 8, 2013 }}</ref>

=== Air ===
{{Main|Aviation in the New York metropolitan area}}
[[File:JFK_Aerial_Nov_14_2018.jpg|thumb|[[John F. Kennedy International Airport|John F. Kennedy Airport]] in [[Queens]]]]
[[Aviation in the New York metropolitan area|New York's airspace]] is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area are [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] (with 55.3&nbsp;million passengers), [[Newark Liberty International Airport]] (43.6&nbsp;million) and [[LaGuardia Airport]] (29.0&nbsp;million); 127.9&nbsp;million travelers used these three airports in 2022.<ref>[https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2022.pdf#page=39 ''2022 Air Traffic Report''], [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], April 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024.</ref> JFK and Newark Liberty were the [[List of the busiest airports in the United States#10 busiest US airports by international passenger traffic (2012)|busiest and fourth-busiest U.S. gateways]] for international air passengers, respectively, in 2023.<ref>[https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2023-11/US%20International%20Air%20Passenger%20and%20Freight%20Statistics%20for%20June%202023.pdf ''U.S. InternationalAir Passenger and Freight Statistics June 2023''], [[United States Department of Transportation]], released November 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. "The top five domestic scheduled passenger gateway airports for the year-ended June 2023 were New York, NY (JFK), Miami, FL (MIA), Los Angeles, CA (LAX), New York, NY (EWR), and Chicago, IL (ORD)."</ref> {{As of|2011}}, JFK was the [[World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|busiest airport for international passengers]] in North America.<ref>{{cite web |title = 2011 Year-to-date International passenger Traffic (as of December 2011) |url = http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101206022153/http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__ |archive-date = December 6, 2010 |access-date = October 8, 2014 |publisher = [[Airports Council International]] }}</ref>

Described in 2014 by then-[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Joe Biden]] as the kind of airport a travelers would see in "some third world country", LaGuardia Airport has undergone an $8&nbsp;billion project with federal and state support that has replaced its aging facilities with modern terminals and roadways.<ref>Reed, Ted. [https://airlineweekly.skift.com/2023/03/laguardia-airport-the-queens-miracle-from-loser-to-winner/ "In a Queens Miracle, New York LaGuardia Airport Goes From Loser to Winner"], ''Airline Weekly'', March 21, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2023. "Throughout a troubled 2022, the pandemic exposed many fragilities in a troubled U.S. airline industry, but it also enabled a widely recognized miracle in the $8 billion resurrection of New York LaGuardia Airport. Once widely viewed as a hellhole, LaGuardia was transformed.... Transformation involved rebuilding two terminals, each costing about $4 billion, as well as about five miles of roadway. Terminal B has 35 gates, occupied by American and four other airlines. Work began in 2016 and was completed on July 8, 2022, the exact day specified in a bond offering six years earlier. Terminal C, occupied and financed by Delta Air Lines, will have 37 gates. Work began in 2017 and is largely finished, with completion by the end of the year."</ref><ref>McGeehan, Patrick. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/nyregion/la-guardia-airport-to-be-rebuilt-by-2021-cuomo-and-biden-say.html "La Guardia Airport to Be Overhauled by 2021, Cuomo and Biden Say"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 27, 2015. Accessed January 15, 2024. "He said he took it personally when, in February 2014, Mr. Biden likened La Guardia to something a traveler might find 'in a third world country.'"</ref><ref>via [[Associated Press]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/07/nyregion/biden-compares-la-guardia-airport-to-third-world.html "Biden Compares La Guardia Airport to 'Third World'"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 6, 2014. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Vice President Joseph R. Biden says La Guardia Airport in New York could use some major improvements — and that is putting it mildly. Mr. Biden said that if he blindfolded someone and took him to La Guardia, the person would think he was in 'some third world country.'"</ref><ref>[https://www.anewlga.com/about-the-project/ The Project], A Whole New LGA. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The $8 billion project, two-thirds of which is funded through private financing and existing passenger fees, broke ground in 2016."</ref> Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, [[Stewart International Airport]], near [[Newburgh, New York]], by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web |last = Strunsky |first = Steve |date = May 31, 2012 |title = Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger traffic |url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/stewart_international_airport.html |access-date = July 30, 2012 |website = [[NJ.com]] |publisher = New Jersey On-Line LLC. }}</ref> Other commercial airports in or serving the [[New York metropolitan area]] include [[Long Island MacArthur Airport]], [[Trenton–Mercer Airport]] and [[Westchester County Airport]]. The primary general aviation airport serving the area is [[Teterboro Airport]].

=== Ferries, taxis and trams===
{{Main|Staten Island Ferry|NYC Ferry|Taxis of New York City|Roosevelt Island Tramway}}
[[File:Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg|thumb|The [[Staten Island Ferry]] shuttles [[Commuting|commuters]] between [[Manhattan]] and [[Staten Island]].]]
The [[Staten Island Ferry]] is the world's busiest [[Ferry|ferry route]], carrying more than 23&nbsp;million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on a {{convert|5.2|mi|km|adj=on}} route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24/7.<ref>{{cite web |first = Anna |last = Sanders |date = September 20, 2016 |title = Staten Island Ferry ridershilip breaks record |url = http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2016/09/staten_island_ferry_ridership.html |access-date = December 31, 2016 |publisher = [[SILive.com]] }}</ref><ref name="nycgov-official">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/staten-island-ferry.shtml|title=Staten Island Ferry|publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]]|website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]]|date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. [[NYC Ferry]], a [[New York City Economic Development Corporation|NYCEDC]] initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |first = Zoe |last = Rosenberg |date = April 17, 2017 |title = First of New York's citywide ferries arrives in Brooklyn Bridge Park |url = http://ny.curbed.com/2017/4/17/15326348/nyc-ferry-routes-times |access-date = April 17, 2017 |publisher = [[Curbed]] New York, [[Vox Media]] }}</ref>

Identified by their color and [[taxi medallion]], the city's 13,587 [[Taxis of New York City|yellow taxicabs]] are the only vehicles allowed to pick up riders making street hails throughout the city.<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/site/tlc/businesses/yellow-cab.page Yellow Cab], [[New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission]]. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Taxicabs are the only vehicles that have the right to pick up street-hailing and prearranged passengers anywhere in New York City. By law, there are 13,587 taxis in New York City and each taxi must have a medallion affixed to it."</ref> [[Apple green]]-colored [[boro taxi]]s can pick up street hails in [[Upper Manhattan]] and the four outer boroughs.<ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/site/tlc/businesses/green-cab.page Green Cab], [[New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission]]. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Street-hail Liveries, also known as green cabs, are For-Hire Vehicles that are permitted to accept street-hails. In exchange, Street-Hail Liveries may not operate in the Hail Exclusionary Zone, south of West 110th St and East 96th St."</ref> Long dominated by yellow taxis, [[vehicle for hire|high-volume for hire vehicles]] from [[Uber]] and [[Lyft]] have provided the most trips in the city since December 2016, when the for-hire vehicles and cabs each had about 10.5&nbsp;million trips. By October 2023, the 78,000 vehicles-for-hire from such companies as Uber and Lyft combined for 20.3&nbsp;million trips, while 3.5&nbsp;million trips were in yellow taxis.<ref>[https://tlcpolicy.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/portfolio/index.html?appid=be00fce0963540628e37fd7c75a6d386 TLC Factbook], [[New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission]], updated December 18, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/597-23/mayor-adams-tlc-new-rules-require-city-s-rideshare-vehicles-be-zero-emission- "Mayor Adams, TLC Announce new Rules to Require City's Rideshare Vehicles to be Zero-Emission, Wheelchair Accessible by 2030"], [[Mayor of New York City]] [[Eric Adams]], August 16, 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Both Uber and Lyft, which together comprise New York City's high-volume for-hire fleet of approximately 78,000 vehicles, have committed to transitioning to a greener fleet by 2030."</ref>

The [[Roosevelt Island Tramway]], an [[aerial tramway]] that began operation in May 1976,<ref>[https://rioc.ny.gov/169/History History], [[Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation]]. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The original Roosevelt Island aerial tramway - the first tram in the country to be used for urban transportation – was opened in May 1976."</ref> transports 2&nbsp;million passengers per year the {{Convert|3140|ft}} between Roosevelt Island and a station at [[59th Street (Manhattan)|59th Street]] and [[Second Avenue (Manhattan)|Second Avenue]] on Manhattan Island.<ref>[https://rioc.ny.gov/173/Aerial-Tramway-Vital-Statistics Aerial Tramway Vital Statistics], [[Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation]]. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The Tram travels between the Manhattan station at 2nd Avenue between 59th and 60th streets and the Tram station on Roosevelt Island. It travels a distance of 3,140 feet at a speed of up to 17 miles per hour in less than three (3) minutes. It rises to a maximum height of 230 feet and can carry a maximum of 109 passengers plus an attendant per cabin. The system annually transports more than two million passengers."</ref>

=== Cycling network ===
{{Main|Cycling in New York City}}
[[File:Citi_bike_(10414610734).jpg|thumb|[[Citi Bike]] bike share service, which started in May 2013]]
New York City has mixed cycling conditions which include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with stop-and-go traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes [[Utility cycling|utility cyclists]], such as delivery and messenger services; recreational [[cycling club]]s; and an increasing number of [[Bicycle commuting|commuters]]. Cycling is increasingly popular in New York City; in 2022 there were approximately 61,200 people who commuted daily using a bicycle and 610,000 daily bike trips, with both numbers nearly doubling over the previous decade.<ref name=NYCcycling/> {{As of|2022||df=}}, New York City had {{convert|1525|mi|km}} of [[bike lane]]s, including {{Convert|644|mi||abbr=}} of segregated or "protected" bike lanes citywide.<ref name=NYCcycling>[https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/cyclinginthecity.shtml Cycling in the City], [[New York City Department of Transportation]]. Accessed January 14, 2024. "1,525 lane miles of bike lanes installed in New York City as of 2022; 644 lane miles of protected bike lanes installed in New York City as of 2022"</ref>

=== Streets and highways ===
{{Further|List of bridges and tunnels in New York City|Commissioners' Plan of 1811}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
[[File:Manhattan and Brooklyn bridges on the East River, New York City, 1981.jpg|thumb|The [[Manhattan Bridge]] and [[Brooklyn Bridge]] on the [[East River]]]]

Streets are also a defining feature of the city. The [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]] greatly influenced its physical development. New York City has an extensive web of [[freeway]]s and [[parkway]]s, which link the city's boroughs to each other and to [[North Jersey]], Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern [[Connecticut]] through [[Bridges and tunnels in New York City|bridges and tunnels]]. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who [[Commuting|commute]] into Manhattan, it is common for motorists to be stranded for hours in [[traffic congestion]] that are a daily occurrence, particularly during [[rush hour]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://ny.curbed.com/2019/8/15/20807470/nyc-streets-dot-mobility-report-congestion |title = New York City's streets are 'more congested than ever': report |first1 = Amy |last1 = Plitt |first2 = Valeria |last2 = Ricciulli |work = [[Curbed]] |date = August 15, 2019 |access-date = January 16, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.crainsnewyork.com/op-ed/solving-citys-traffic-nightmares |title = Solving the city's traffic nightmares |first = Jason M. |last = Barr |work = [[Crain Communications]] |date = September 5, 2019 |access-date = January 16, 2022 }}</ref> [[Congestion pricing in New York City]] was approved in March 2024 and is expected to enter into force in mid-June if lawsuits will not overturn it.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Hu | first1=Winnie | last2=Ley | first2=Ana | title=NYC Congestion Pricing and Tolls: What to Know and What's Next | website=The New York Times | date=March 27, 2024 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/nyregion/nyc-congestion-pricing-tolls-mta.html | access-date=March 27, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last1=Siff | first1=Andrew | last2=Millman | first2=Jennifer | title=MTA board OKs congestion pricing plan, paving way for $15 tolls (and up) starting this summer | website=NBC New York | date=March 27, 2024 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/traffic/transit-traffic/congestion-pricing-nyc-mta-vote/5264500/?amp=1 | access-date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>

Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left turns at red traffic signals in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all [[Turn on red|turns at red lights]] are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present.<ref>{{cite web |title = Chapter 4: Traffic Control |date = November 25, 2013 |url = https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/chapter-4-traffic-control-2 |publisher = [[New York State Department of Motor Vehicles]] |access-date = January 16, 2022 }}</ref>
[[File:GWBfromFortLeeHistoricPark.JPG|thumb|The [[George Washington Bridge]], across the [[Hudson River]], is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="gwbridge">{{cite web |title = Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge |url = https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/en/george-washington-bridge.html |publisher = [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] |access-date = January 16, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="gwbridgepainters">{{cite news |first1 = Bod |last1 = Woodruff |first2 = Lana |last2 = Zak |first3 = Stephanie |last3 = Wash |date = November 20, 2012 |title = GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge |url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877 |work = [[ABC News]] |access-date = January 16, 2022 }}</ref>]]

Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is on New York State's mainland. Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and to New Jersey by an extensive network of bridges and tunnels. The 14-lane [[George Washington Bridge]], connecting Manhattan to New Jersey across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="gwbridge" /><ref name="gwbridgepainters" /> The [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]], spanning [[the Narrows]] between Brooklyn and Staten Island, is the longest [[suspension bridge]] in the Americas and one of the world's longest.<ref name="infoplease.com">{{cite web |title = Longest Suspension Bridges in the World |url = http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html |access-date = September 7, 2012 |publisher = Pearson Education }}</ref><ref name="Verrazano-Narrows Bridge">{{cite web |title = Verrazano-Narrows Bridge |url = http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/ |access-date = September 7, 2012 |publisher = Eastern Roads }}</ref> The [[Brooklyn Bridge]], with its stone neo-Gothic suspension towers, is an icon of the city itself; opened in 1883, it was the first steel-wire suspension bridge and was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-12/ Today in History – June 12: Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge], [[Library of Congress]]. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling's last and greatest achievement, spans New York's East River to connect Manhattan with Brooklyn. When completed in 1883, the bridge, with its massive stone towers and a main span of 1,595.5 feet between them, was by far the longest suspension bridge in the world."</ref><ref>[https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/williamsburg-bridge Williamsburg Bridge], [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]. Accessed July 30, 2023. "When opened in 1903, the 1,600 foot long main span of the Williamsburg Bridge was the world's longest suspension span, surpassing the nearby Brooklyn Bridge by only 4.5 feet."</ref> The [[Queensboro Bridge]] "was the longest [[Cantilever bridge|cantilever span]] in North America" from 1909 to 1917.<ref>[https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/queensboro-bridge Queensboro Bridge], [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Queensboro Bridge was the longest cantilever span in North America (1,182 feet) from 1909 until the Quebec Bridge opened in 1917 and the longest in the United States until 1930."</ref> The [[Manhattan Bridge]], opened in 1909, "is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges," and its design "served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges" of the early 20th century.<ref>[https://www.ascemetsection.org/committees/history-and-heritage/landmarks/manhattan-bridge Manhattan Bridge], [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] Metropolitan Section. Accessed July 30, 2023. "As the first suspension bridge to use the deflection theory, it is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges and served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges built in the first half of the twentieth century."</ref> The [[Throgs Neck Bridge]] and [[Whitestone Bridge]] connect Queens and the Bronx, while the [[Triborough Bridge]] connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx.

[[File:Lincoln_Manh_portal_9-38_jeh.JPG|thumb|[[Lincoln Tunnel]]]]
The [[Lincoln Tunnel]], which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title = Lincoln Tunnel Historic Overview |url = http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/lincoln/ |access-date = August 13, 2014 |publisher = Eastern Roads }}</ref> The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and [[cargo ship]]s that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The [[Holland Tunnel]], connecting Lower Manhattan to [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], was the first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927.<ref>[http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/holland/ Holland Tunnel (I-78)]. Nycroads.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Holland Tunnel |url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011542/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure |archive-date = June 29, 2014 |access-date = August 13, 2014 |work = National Historic Landmark Quicklinks |publisher = [[National Park Service]] }}</ref> The [[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]], built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940.<ref>{{cite web |title = Queens-Midtown Tunnel Historic Overview |url = http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queens-midtown/ |access-date = August 13, 2014 |publisher = Eastern Roads }}</ref> The [[Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel]] (officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel) is the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America and runs underneath [[Battery Park]], connecting the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] in Lower Manhattan to [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] in Brooklyn.<ref>[https://new.mta.info/bridges-and-tunnels/about/hugh-l-carey-tunnel Hugh L. Carey Tunnel], [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]], updated July 10, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. "When the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel (formerly Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel) opened in 1950, it was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America. It still is.... On the Brooklyn side is the community of South Brooklyn, comprising the Red Hook, Columbia Terrace, Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, and Boerum Hill districts.... The Manhattan end of the tunnel leads to the Wall Street area, the South Street Seaport, City Hall/Civic Center, Battery Park City, the World Trade Center site, and the World Financial Center."</ref>