Eucharist

====Irvingian====
In the [[Irvingian Church]]es, Holy Communion, along with Holy Baptism and Holy Sealing, is one of the three [[sacraments]].<ref name="Whalen1981">{{cite book |last1=Whalen |first1=William Joseph |title=Minority Religions in America |date=1981 |publisher=Alba House |isbn=978-0-8189-0413-4 |page=104 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Nomos1992">{{cite book |title=Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) Federal Republic of Germany |date=1992 |publisher=Nomos |isbn=978-3-8329-2132-3 |page=6 |language=English}}</ref> It is the focus of the Divine Service in the liturgies of Irvingism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professing Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://www.nac-usa.org/go-deeper/devotionals/2017-devotionals/item/1826-professing-christ-in-holy-communion.html |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |language=English |date=2017 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429205629/https://www.nac-usa.org/go-deeper/devotionals/2017-devotionals/item/1826-professing-christ-in-holy-communion.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Edward Irving]], who founded the Irvingian Churches, such as the [[New Apostolic Church]], taught the [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist]], emphasizing "the ''humiliated'' humanity of Christ in the Lord's Supper."<ref name="Lee2018">{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=David Y. T. |title=A Charismatic Model of the Church: Edward Irving's Teaching in a 21st-century Chinese Context |date= 2018 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-1208-5 |page=167 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Bennett2014">{{cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=David Malcolm |title=Edward Irving Reconsidered: The Man, His Controversies, and the Pentecostal Movement |year=2014 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62564-865-5 |page=292 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/kennenlernen/katechismus?chapter=8.2 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |language=English |date=18 December 2020|work=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church}}</ref> Additionally, the Irvingian Churches affirm the "real presence of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in Holy Communion":<ref name="NAC2020"/>
{{blockquote|Jesus Christ is in the midst of the congregation as the crucified, risen, and returning Lord. Thus His once-brought sacrifice is also present in that its effect grants the individual access to salvation. In this way, the celebration of Holy Communion causes the partakers to repeatedly envision the sacrificial death of the Lord, which enables them to proclaim it with conviction (1 Corinthians 11: 26).<ref>{{cite web |title=8.2.13 The real presence of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/kennenlernen/katechismus?id=486cc250-3c08-4bf9-bc8b-149d3628fcf1 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |language=English |date=18 December 2020|work=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church}}</ref>}}

In the Irvingian tradition of Restorationist Christianity, [[consubstantiation]] is taught as the explanation of how the real presence is effected in the liturgy.<ref name="NAC">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref>