England

===Cinema===
{{See also|Cinema of the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Peter O'Toole in Lawrence of Arabia.png|left|thumb|[[Peter O'Toole]] as T. E. Lawrence in [[David Lean]]'s 1962 epic ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'']]

England has had a considerable influence on the history of the cinema, producing some of the greatest actors, directors and motion pictures of all time, including [[Alfred Hitchcock]], [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[David Lean]], [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Vivien Leigh]], [[John Gielgud]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Julie Andrews]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Helen Mirren]], [[Kate Winslet]] and [[Daniel Day-Lewis]]. Hitchcock and Lean are among the most critically acclaimed filmmakers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/directors-directors.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517155218/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/directors-directors.html |archive-date=17 May 2012 |title=The Directors' Top Ten Directors |publisher=British Film Institute |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hitchcock's ''[[The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog]]'' (1926) helped shape the [[Thriller film|thriller]] genre in film, while his 1929 ''[[Blackmail (1929 film)|Blackmail]]'' is often regarded as the first British [[Sound film#Transition: Europe|sound]] feature film.<ref>{{cite book |url={{GBurl|id=AvxgFdRJ66kC|q=blackmail first british sound film|p=79}} |first=Paul Matthew |last=St. Pierre |title=Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895–1960: On the Halls on the Screen |page=79 |publisher=[[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]] |location=New Jersey |date=1 April 2009 |isbn=978-1-61147-399-5}}</ref>

Major film studios in England include [[Pinewood Studios|Pinewood]], [[Elstree Studios|Elstree]] and [[Shepperton Studios|Shepperton]]. Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in England, including two of the [[List of highest-grossing film series|highest-grossing film franchises]] (''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' and ''[[James Bond (film series)|James Bond]]'').<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/sep/11/jkjoannekathleenrowling |title=Harry Potter becomes highest-grossing film franchise |access-date=2 November 2010 |work=The Guardian |date=11 September 2007 |location=London}}</ref> [[Ealing Studios]] in London has a claim to being the oldest continuously working film studio in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ealingstudios.com/EalingStudios/history_home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726040738/http://www.ealingstudios.com/EalingStudios/history_home.html |archive-date=26 July 2013 |title=History of Ealing Studios |publisher=Ealing Studios |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> Famous for recording many motion picture [[film scores]], the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] first performed film music in 1935.<ref>[http://lso.co.uk/page/3151/LSO-and-Film-Music London Symphony Orchestra and Film Music] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930173905/http://lso.co.uk/page/3151/LSO-and-Film-Music |date=30 September 2011 }} LSO. Retrieved 30 June 2011</ref> The [[Hammer Film Productions|Hammer Horror]] films starring [[Christopher Lee]] saw the production of the first gory horror films showing blood and guts in colour.<ref>{{cite news|title=Frankenstein: Behind the monster smash|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42411484|agency=BBC|date=1 January 2018}}</ref>

The [[BFI Top 100 British films]] includes ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]'' (1979), a film regularly voted the funniest of all time by the UK public.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/948331.stm "Life of Brian tops comedy poll"]. BBC News (''[[Total Film]]'' magazine poll: 29 September 2000) Retrieved 27 June 2015</ref> English producers are also active in [[international co-productions]] and English actors, directors and crew feature regularly in American films. The UK film council ranked [[David Yates]], [[Christopher Nolan]], [[Mike Newell (director)|Mike Newell]], [[Ridley Scott]] and [[Paul Greengrass]] the five most commercially successful English directors since 2001.<ref>[http://statisticalyearbook11.ry.com/?id=82856 Statistical Yearbook 2011: 7.3 UK directors] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615221043/http://statisticalyearbook11.ry.com/?id=82856 |date=15 June 2012 }}. UK Film Council.</ref> Other contemporary English directors include [[Sam Mendes]], [[Guy Ritchie]] and [[Richard Curtis]]. Current actors include [[Tom Hardy]], [[Daniel Craig]], [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], [[Lena Headey]], [[Felicity Jones]], [[Emilia Clarke]], [[Lashana Lynch]], and [[Emma Watson]]. Acclaimed for his motion capture work, [[Andy Serkis]] opened [[The Imaginarium Studios]] in London in 2011.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/11217293/Does-Andy-Serkiss-motion-capture-acting-deserve-an-Oscar.html "Does Andy Serkis's motion capture acting deserve an Oscar?"]. The Telegraph. Retrieves 11 January 2015</ref> The visual effects company [[Framestore]] in London has produced some of the most critically acclaimed special effects in modern film.<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/film/tim-webber-the-man-who-put-sandra-bullock-in-space-8804917.html "Tim Webber: the man who put Sandra Bullock in space"]. Evening Standard. Retrieved 17 January 2014</ref> Many successful Hollywood films have been based on English people, [[British literature|stories]] or events. The 'English Cycle' of Disney animated films include ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'', ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' and ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh|Winnie the Pooh]]''.<ref>[http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article600292.ece/Barry-Ronges-Classic-DVD---Alice-in-Wonderland Barry Ronge's Classic DVD : Alice in Wonderland], ''[[The Times (South Africa)|The Times]]'', It was made under the personal supervision of Walt Disney, and he took special care when animating British fantasy. He called them his "English Cycle".</ref>