Ebola

===1995–2014===
[[File:Ebolafälle bis einschließlich 2020 english.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Cases of Ebola fever in Africa since 1976]]
The second major outbreak occurred in Zaire (now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], DRC), in 1995, affecting 315 and killing 254.<ref name="WHO2014" />

In 2000, [[Uganda]] had an outbreak infecting 425 and killing 224; in this case, the Sudan virus was found to be the Ebola species responsible for the outbreak.<ref name="WHO2014" />

In 2003, an outbreak in the DRC infected 143 and killed 128, a 90% death rate, the highest of a [[genus]] ''Ebolavirus'' outbreak to date.<ref name="pmid14579469">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Formenty P, Libama F, Epelboin A, Allarangar Y, Leroy E, Moudzeo H, Tarangonia P, Molamou A, Lenzi M, Ait-Ikhlef K, Hewlett B, Roth C, Grein T |year=2003 |title=[Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, 2003: a new strategy?] |journal=Med Trop (Mars) |language=fr |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=291–295 |pmid=14579469}}</ref>

In 2004, a Russian scientist died from Ebola after [[Needlestick injury|sticking]] herself with an infected needle.<ref>{{Cite news | vauthors = Miller J |date=25 May 2004 |title=Russian Scientist Dies in Ebola Accident at Former Weapons Lab |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/world/russian-scientist-dies-in-ebola-accident-at-former-weapons-lab.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017035417/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/world/russian-scientist-dies-in-ebola-accident-at-former-weapons-lab.html |archive-date=17 October 2014}}</ref>

Between April and August 2007, a fever epidemic<ref name="CBCRadioSept2007">{{Cite news |date=12 September 2007 |title=Ebola outbreak in Congo |publisher=[[CBC News]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ebola-outbreak-in-congo-1.648593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119105248/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ebola-outbreak-in-congo-1.648593 |archive-date=19 November 2014}}</ref> in a four-village region<ref name="Mystery DR Congo fever kills 100">{{Cite news |date=31 August 2007 |title=Mystery DR Congo fever kills 100 |work=BBC News Online |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6973013.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111024636/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6973013.stm |archive-date=11 November 2007}}</ref> of the DRC was confirmed in September to have been cases of Ebola.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2007 |title=Ebola Outbreak Confirmed in Congo |work=NewScientist.com |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12624-ebola-outbreak-confirmed-in-congo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618230241/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12624-ebola-outbreak-confirmed-in-congo.html |archive-date=18 June 2015}}</ref> Many people who attended the recent funeral of a local village chief died.<ref name="Mystery DR Congo fever kills 100" /> The 2007 outbreak eventually infected 264 individuals and killed 187.<ref name="WHO2014" />

On 30 November 2007, the Uganda Ministry of Health confirmed an outbreak of Ebola in the [[Bundibugyo District]] in Western Uganda. After confirming samples tested by the United States National Reference Laboratories and the Centers for Disease Control, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed the presence of a new species of [[genus]] ''Ebolavirus'', which was tentatively named Bundibugyo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2007 |title=Uganda: Deadly Ebola Outbreak Confirmed – UN |publisher=UN News Service |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200711301070.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303200540/http://allafrica.com/stories/200711301070.html |archive-date=3 March 2008}}</ref> The WHO reported 149 cases of this new strain and 37 of those led to deaths.<ref name="WHO2014" />

The WHO confirmed two small outbreaks in Uganda in 2012, both caused by the Sudan variant. The first outbreak affected seven people, killing four, and the second affected 24, killing 17.<ref name="WHO2014" />

On 17 August 2012, the Ministry of Health of the DRC reported an outbreak of the Ebola-Bundibugyo variant<ref>{{Cite web |title=DRC Confirms Ebola Outbreak |date=21 August 2012 |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/Ebola-drc-outbreak/1492233.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915235056/http://www.voanews.com/content/Ebola-drc-outbreak/1492233.html |archive-date=15 September 2012 |access-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=Voanews.com}}</ref> in the eastern region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2012 |title=WHO – Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo |url=https://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_08_18/en/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027035536/https://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_08_18/en/index.html |archive-date=27 October 2013 |access-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2012 |title=WHO – Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo – update |url=https://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_08_21/en/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216144914/https://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_08_21/en/index.html |archive-date=16 December 2012 |access-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> Other than its discovery in 2007, this was the only time that this variant has been identified as responsible for an outbreak. The WHO revealed that the virus had sickened 57 people and killed 29. The probable cause of the outbreak was tainted [[bush meat]] hunted by local villagers around the towns of [[Isiro]] and Viadana.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref>{{Cite news | vauthors = Castillo M |year=2012 |title=Ebola virus claims 31 lives in Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=[[CBS News]] |location=United States |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57512216-10391704/ebola-virus-claims-31-lives-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914015301/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57512216-10391704/ebola-virus-claims-31-lives-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref>

In 2014, an outbreak occurred in the DRC. [[Whole genome sequencing|Genome-sequencing]] showed that this outbreak was not related to the [[West Africa Ebola virus outbreak|2014–15 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak]], but was the same [[EBOV]] species, the Zaire species.<ref name="2014 DRC Who Strain">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2014 |title=Virological Analysis: no link between Ebola outbreaks in west Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/2-september-2014/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121121328/https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/2-september-2014/en/ |archive-date=21 November 2014 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) }}</ref> It began in August 2014, and was declared over in November with 66 cases and 49 deaths.<ref name="reuters1511">{{Cite news |date=15 November 2014 |title=Congo declares its Ebola outbreak over |work=Reuters |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/health-ebola-congodemocratic-idUKL6N0T50F720141115 |url-status=live |access-date=15 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065140/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/11/15/health-ebola-congodemocratic-idUKL6N0T50F720141115 |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> This was the 7th outbreak in the DRC, three of which occurred during the period when the country was known as [[Zaire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: The country that knows how to beat Ebola |url=https://www.who.int/features/2014/drc-beats-ebola/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226005300/https://www.who.int/features/2014/drc-beats-ebola/en/ |archive-date=26 February 2015 |access-date=26 February 2015 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref>