Republican Party (United States)

=== Foreign policy ===
{{See also|History of foreign policy and national defense in the Republican Party}}

The Republican Party has a persistent history of skepticism and opposition to [[multilateralism]] in American foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fordham |first1=Benjamin O. |last2=Flynn |first2=Michael |date=2022 |title=Everything Old Is New Again: The Persistence of Republican Opposition to Multilateralism in American Foreign Policy |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-american-political-development/article/abs/everything-old-is-new-again-the-persistence-of-republican-opposition-to-multilateralism-in-american-foreign-policy/F44B69F178BD7CC9CA71A4B16866DEE8 |journal=Studies in American Political Development |volume=37 |pages=56–73 |language=en |doi=10.1017/S0898588X22000165 |s2cid=252292479 |issn=0898-588X |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921134531/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-american-political-development/article/abs/everything-old-is-new-again-the-persistence-of-republican-opposition-to-multilateralism-in-american-foreign-policy/F44B69F178BD7CC9CA71A4B16866DEE8 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Neoconservatism]], which supports [[unilateralism]] and emphasizes the use of force and hawkishness in American foreign policy, has been a prominent strand of foreign policy thinking in all Republican presidential administration since Ronald Reagan's presidency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=neoconservatism |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100228203 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922144120/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100228203 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some, including [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservatives]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=May 6, 2016 |title=Paleoconservatism, the movement that explains Donald Trump, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11592604/donald-trump-paleoconservative-buchanan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623235749/https://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11592604/donald-trump-paleoconservative-buchanan |archive-date=June 23, 2022 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> call for [[non-interventionism]] and an [[isolationism|isolationist]] "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy agenda.<ref name="New Fusionism" /><ref name="Rucker 2016" /><ref name="Dodson-Brooks 2021" /> This faction gained strength starting in 2016 with the rise of Donald Trump, demanding that the United States reset its previous [[Interventionism (politics)|interventionist]] foreign policy and encourage allies and partners to take greater responsibility for their own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 22, 2023 |title=The Case for a Restrained Republican Foreign Policy |language=en-US |work=Foreign Affairs |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/foreign-policy-republican-american-power |access-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-date=March 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324202435/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/foreign-policy-republican-american-power |url-status=live }}</ref> 

==== Israel ====
During the 1940s, Republicans predominantly opposed the cause of an independent Jewish state due to the influence of [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]] of the [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Cavari |first1=Amnon |title=American Public Opinion Toward Israel: From Consensus to Divide |last2=Freedman |first2=Guy |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2020 |pages=145}}</ref> In 1948, Democratic President [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] became the first world leader to recognize an independent state of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tenorio |first=Rich |date=November 3, 2020 |title=How a nascent Israel was a key issue in Truman's stunning 1948 election upset |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-a-nascent-israel-was-a-key-issue-in-trumans-stunning-1948-election-upset/ |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=[[Times of Israel]] |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118203848/https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-a-nascent-israel-was-a-key-issue-in-trumans-stunning-1948-election-upset/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The rise of [[neoconservatism]] saw the Republican Party become predominantly pro-Israel by the 1990s and 2000s,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=2015-11-11 |title=How Republicans fell in love with Israel |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/11/11/9708018/republicans-israel |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Vox |language=en |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109060429/https://www.vox.com/2015/11/11/9708018/republicans-israel |url-status=live }}</ref> although notable anti-Israel sentiment persisted through [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservative]] figures such as [[Pat Buchanan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ponnuru |first=Ramesh |date=2018-05-15 |title=The GOP and the Israeli Exception |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/pat-buchanan-republican-infuence-israel-exception/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=National Review |language=en-US |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109085835/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/pat-buchanan-republican-infuence-israel-exception/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As president, Donald Trump generally supported Israel during most of his term, but became increasingly critical of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] towards the end of it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collinson |first=Stephen |date=October 13, 2023 |title=Trump's turn against Israel |url=https://www.cnn.com/cnn/2023/10/13/politics/donald-trump-israel-netanyahu-diplomacy/index.html |access-date=November 9, 2023 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> After the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|7 October 2023 Hamas terrorist attack on Israel]], Trump blamed Netanyahu for having failed to prevent the attack.<ref>{{cite news |last1=David |first1=Jackson |title=Trump blames Netanyahu for Hamas attacks, calls Hezbollah leaders 'very smart' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2023/10/12/donald-trump-israel-hamas-war-benjamin-netanyahu/71148802007/ |work=USA TODAY |date=12 October 2023}}</ref> Trump previously criticized the [[Israeli settlement]]s in the [[West Bank]] and expressed doubt about whether Netanyahu truly desired peace with the Palestinians.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Joseph |date=2021-12-13 |title=Trump: Netanyahu 'never wanted peace' with Palestinians |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/585520-trump-netanyahu-never-wanted-peace-with-palestinians-report/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109085836/https://thehill.com/policy/international/585520-trump-netanyahu-never-wanted-peace-with-palestinians-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''[[I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)|i24NEWS]]'', the 2020s have seen declining support for Israel among nationalist Republicans, led by individuals such as [[Tucker Carlson]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=i24NEWS |date=2024-02-06 |title=Hey Israel, don't be so sure about your support among Republicans |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/americas/1706700133-hey-israel-don-t-be-so-sure-about-your-support-among-republicans |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=I24news |language=en}}</ref> The modern GOP is divided between neoconservatives, who support Israel; and nationalists, who tend to sympathize with Palestine.<ref name=":32" />

==== Taiwan ====
In the party's 2016 platform,<ref name="amazonaws1">{{cite web|url=https://prod-static-ngop-pbl.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/DRAFT_12_FINAL&#91;1&#93;-ben_1468872234.pdf|title=Republican Platform 2016|access-date=July 20, 2016|archive-date=July 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719212623/https://prod-static-ngop-pbl.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/DRAFT_12_FINAL%5B1%5D-ben_1468872234.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> its stance on [[Taiwan]] is: "We oppose any unilateral steps by either side to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Straits on the principle that all issues regarding the island's future must be resolved peacefully, through dialogue, and be agreeable to the people of Taiwan." In addition, if "China were to violate those principles, the United States, in accord with the [[Taiwan Relations Act]], will help Taiwan defend itself".

====War on terror====
{{Main|War on Terror}}
{{Further|September 11 attacks}}

Since the [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001]], Neoconservatist in the party have supported the War on Terror, including the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] and the [[Iraq War]]. The [[Presidency of George W. Bush|George W. Bush administration]] took the position that the [[Geneva Conventions]] do not apply to [[unlawful combatant]]s, while other prominent Republicans, such as [[Ted Cruz]], strongly oppose the use of [[enhanced interrogation techniques]], which they view as torture.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/cruz-america-does-not-need-torture-to-protect-ourselves/article/2000049|title=Cruz: 'America Does Not Need Torture to Protect Ourselves'|date=December 3, 2015|access-date=December 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101195440/http://www.weeklystandard.com/cruz-america-does-not-need-torture-to-protect-ourselves/article/2000049|archive-date=January 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2020s, Trumpist Republicans such as [[Matt Gaetz]] supported reducing U.S. military presence abroad and ending [[American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present)|intervention in countries such as Somalia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nick |first1=Turse |title=REP. MATT GAETZ, PROGRESSIVES JOINTLY CALL FOR U.S. MILITARY TO LEAVE SOMALIA |date=April 27, 2023 |url=https://theintercept.com/2023/04/27/reactionaries-and-progressives-jointly-call-for-u-s-military-to-leave-somalia/ |publisher=The Intercept |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref>

====Europe, Russia and Ukraine====
{{see also|United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
The 2016 Republican platform eliminated references to giving weapons to [[Ukraine]] in its fight with [[Russia]] and [[Separatist forces of the war in Donbass|rebel forces]]; the removal of this language reportedly resulted from intervention from staffers to presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump.<ref>{{cite news |author=Tracy Wilkinson |title=In a shift, Republican platform doesn't call for arming Ukraine against Russia, spurring outrage |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-na-pol-ukraine-gop-20160720-snap-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=July 21, 2016 |access-date=2016-07-25 }}</ref> However, the Trump administration approved a new sale of anti-tank weapons to Ukraine in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump admin approves new sale of anti-tank weapons to Ukraine |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-admin-approves-sale-anti-tank-weapons-ukraine/story?id=65989898#:~:text=The%20Trump%20administration%20first%20approved,Javelins%20to%20Ukraine%20in%202017.&text=Catch%20up%20on%20the%20developing,source%20familiar%20with%20the%20plan. |publisher=ABC News |access-date=2019-10-01 |quote=The Trump administration first approved the sale of Javelins to Ukraine in December 2017 -- a step that former President Barack Obama never took and that Trump allies have pointed to as a sign of Trump's toughness on Russia.}}</ref> Republicans generally question European [[NATO]] members' insufficient investment in defense funding, and some are dissatisfied with U.S. aid to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Erik |first1=Piccoli |title=Republicans are no friends of Europe |url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/republicans-are-no-friends-of-europe-162327 |publisher=ISPI |access-date=2024-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trump's threat to NATO allies draws little condemnation from GOP, reflecting his grip on the party |date=February 12, 2024 |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-nato-presidential-election-congress-republicans-20e902788e8701999ce0424f73d478cc |publisher=AP |access-date=2024-02-12}}</ref> Some Republican members of the U.S. Congress support foreign aid to Israel but not to Ukraine,<ref name="Falk 2023 t804"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Riccardi |first=Nicholas |date=February 19, 2024 |title=Stalled US aid for Ukraine underscores GOP's shift away from confronting Russia  |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4492514-gop-strained-by-trump-influenced-shift-from-reagan-on-russia/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> accused by U.S. media of being [[pro-Russian]].<ref name="Cohn2023"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lillis |first=Mike |date=February 28, 2024 |title=GOP strained by Trump-influenced shift from Reagan on Russia  |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4492514-gop-strained-by-trump-influenced-shift-from-reagan-on-russia/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|quote=Experts say a variety of factors have led to the GOP’s more lenient approach to Moscow, some of which preceded Trump’s arrival on the political scene ... Trump’s popularity has only encouraged other Republicans to adopt a soft-gloves approach to Russia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ball |first=Molly |date=February 23, 2024 |title=How Trump Turned Conservatives Against Helping Ukraine |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/how-trump-turned-conservatives-against-helping-ukraine-d9f75b3b |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonathan |first=Chait |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Russian Dolls Trump has finally remade Republicans into Putin's playthings. |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/donald-trump-republicans-vladimir-putin-puppets.html |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[New York (magazine)|Intelligencer]]|quote=But during his time in office and after, Trump managed to create, from the grassroots up, a Republican constituency for Russia-friendly policy ... Conservatives vying to be the Trumpiest of them all have realized that supporting Russia translates in the Republican mind as a proxy for supporting Trump. Hence the politicians most willing to defend his offenses against democratic norms — Marjorie Taylor Greene, Jim Jordan, Tommy Tuberville, Mike Lee, J. D. Vance — hold the most anti-Ukraine or pro-Russia views. Conversely, the least-Trumpy Republicans, such as Mitch McConnell and Mitt Romney, have the most hawkish views on Russia. The rapid growth of Trump’s once-unique pro-Russia stance is a gravitational function of his personality cult.}}</ref><ref name="Lange">{{Cite news |last=Lange |first=Jason |date=January 17, 2024 |title=Trump's rise sparks isolationist worries abroad, but voters unfazed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-rise-sparks-isolationist-worries-among-us-allies-americans-focus-home-2024-01-17/ |access-date=January 17, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref name="New York Times">{{cite news |title=Fears of a NATO Withdrawal Rise as Trump Seeks a Return to Power|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/09/us/politics/trump-2025-nato.html |work=New York Times |date=December 9, 2023|access-date=December 10, 2023|last1=Swan|first1=Jonathan|last2=Savage|first2=Charlie|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie}}</ref><ref name="Baker">{{cite news |last=Baker|first=Peter|title=Favoring Foes Over Friends, Trump Threatens to Upend International Order|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/us/politics/trump-nato.html|work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 2024|access-date=February 21, 2024|issn=1553-8095|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Amid the [[Russo-Ukrainian war]], several prominent Republicans criticized some colleagues and conservative media outlets for echoing Russian propaganda. [[Liz Cheney]], formerly the third-ranking House Republican, said "a [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]] wing of the Republican Party" had emerged. Republican Senator [[Mitt Romney]] characterized pro-Putin sentiments expressed by some Republicans as "almost treasonous." Former vice president [[Mike Pence]] said, "There is no room in the Republican Party for apologists for Putin." [[House Foreign Affairs Committee]] chairman [[Michael McCaul]] asserted that Russian propaganda had "infected a good chunk of my party's base," attributing the cause to "nighttime entertainment shows" and "conspiracy-theory outlets that are just not accurate, and they actually model Russian propaganda." [[House Intelligence Committee]] chairman [[Mike Turner]] confirmed McCaul's assessment, asserting that some propaganda coming directly from Russia could be heard on the House floor. Republican senator [[Thom Tillis]] characterized the influential conservative commentator [[Tucker Carlson]], who frequently expresses pro-Russia sentiments, as Russia's "[[useful idiot]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lotz |first1=Avery |title=House Intelligence Committee chair says Russian propaganda has spread through parts of GOP |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/07/politics/mike-turner-russia-ukraine-propaganda-gop-cnntv/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 7, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411080400/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/07/politics/mike-turner-russia-ukraine-propaganda-gop-cnntv/index.html |archive-date= Apr 11, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=Republicans begin to target Putin 'apologists' in their midst |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/16/republicans-begin-target-putin-apologists-their-midst/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Miranda |first1=Shauneen |title=Turner: Russian propaganda "being uttered on the House floor" |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/04/07/russian-propaganda-republican-party-mike-turner |work=Axios |date=April 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=Top GOPers' extraordinary comments on their party and Russian propaganda |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/06/when-top-republican-says-russian-propaganda-has-infected-gop/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 8, 2024}}</ref>

====Foreign relations and aid====
In a 2014 poll, 59% of Republicans favored doing less abroad and focusing on the country's own problems instead.<ref>See "July 3, 2014 – Iraq – Getting In Was Wrong; Getting Out Was Right, U.S. Voters Tell Quinnipiac University National Poll" [http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2057 Quinnipiac University Poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402190652/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2057 |date=April 2, 2016 }} item #51</ref>

Republicans have frequently advocated for restricting [[United States foreign aid|foreign aid]] as a means of asserting the national security and immigration interests of the United States.<ref>{{cite news|first=Erik|last=Wasson|date=July 18, 2013|url=https://thehill.com/policy/finance/156647-house-gop-unveils-spending-bill-with-5-8b-cut-to-foreign-aid/|title=House GOP unveils spending bill with $5.8B cut to foreign aid|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=December 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215001056/http://thehill.com/policy/finance/311939-house-gop-unveils-huge-cuts-to-state-foreign-aid|archive-date=December 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Rogers|date=February 1, 2011|title=GOP seeks to slash foreign aid|newspaper=[[Politico]]|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0111/48551.html|access-date=December 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222120346/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0111/48551.html|archive-date=February 22, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Mario|last=Trujillo|date=July 1, 2014|title=Republicans propose halting foreign aid until border surge stops|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/211058-gop-rep-cut-off-central-american-aid-until-border-is-fixed/|access-date=December 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215001041/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/211058-gop-rep-cut-off-central-american-aid-until-border-is-fixed|archive-date=December 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

A survey by the [[Chicago Council on Global Affairs]] shows that "Trump Republicans seem to prefer a US role that is more independent, less cooperative, and more inclined to use military force to deal with the threats they see as the most pressing".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dina Smeltz and Craig Kafura |title=Majority of Trump Republicans Prefer the United States Stay out of World Affairs |date=February 16, 2024 |url=https://globalaffairs.org/research/public-opinion-survey/majority-trump-republicans-prefer-united-states-stay-out-world |publisher=Chicago Council on Global Affairs |access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref>