Prohibition Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Oceania=== ====Australia==== [[File:Prohibition lifted in Canberra 1928.jpg|thumb|The first consignment of liquor in [[Canberra]], [[Australian Capital Territory]], following the repeal of prohibition laws in 1928]] The [[Australian Capital Territory]] (then the Federal Capital Territory) was the first jurisdiction in [[Australia]] to have prohibition laws. In 1911, [[King O'Malley]], then Minister of Home Affairs, shepherded laws through Parliament preventing new issue or transfer of licences to sell alcohol, to address unruly behaviour among workers building the new capital city. Prohibition was partial, since possession of alcohol purchased outside of the Territory remained legal and the few pubs that had existing licences could continue to operate. The Federal Parliament repealed the laws after residents of the Federal Capital Territory voted for the end of them in a 1928 plebiscite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prohibition in Canberra|url=http://yourmemento.naa.gov.au/2013/04/prohibition-in-canberra-king-omalley-and-the-dry-capital/|website=Your Memento|publisher=National Archives of Australia|access-date=2016-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330172622/http://yourmemento.naa.gov.au/2013/04/prohibition-in-canberra-king-omalley-and-the-dry-capital/|archive-date=2017-03-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since then, some state governments and local councils have enacted [[Alcohol laws of Australia#Dry areas|dry areas]]. This is where the purchase or consumption of alcohol is only permitted in licensed areas such as liquor stores, clubs, cafes, bars, hotels, restaurants, and also private homes. In public places such as streets, parks, and squares, consumption is not permitted, but carrying bottles that were purchased at licensed venues is allowed. Almost all dry areas are small defined districts within larger urban or rural communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/topics/business-and-trade/liquor/dry-areas|title=Dry Areas Adelaide|access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/community/health-and-safety/alcohol-and-drugs/alcohol-safety/alcohol-restrictions|title=Alcohol Restrictions Sydney|access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vcglr.vic.gov.au/liquor/restaurant-cafe/apply-new-licence/dry-areas|title=Dry Areas Victoria|access-date=2019-08-16|date=2016-10-26}}</ref> More recently, alcohol has been prohibited in many remote [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] communities. Penalties for transporting alcohol into these "dry" communities are severe and can result in confiscation of any vehicles involved; in dry areas within the [[Northern Territory]], all vehicles used to transport alcohol are seized.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Fitts | first1=Michelle S. | last2=Robertson | first2=Jan | last3=Towle | first3=Simon | last4=Doran | first4=Chris M. | last5=McDermott | first5=Robyn | last6=Miller | first6=Adrian | last7=Margolis | first7=Stephen | last8=Ypinazar | first8=Valmae | last9=Clough | first9=Alan R.|display-authors=2 | title='Sly grog' and 'homebrew': a qualitative examination of illicit alcohol and some of its impacts on Indigenous communities with alcohol restrictions in regional and remote Queensland (Australia) | journal=BMC Research Notes | volume=10 | date=21 July 2017 | issue=1 | page=360 | pmid=28764774 | doi=10.1186/s13104-017-2691-9 | pmc=5540517 | doi-access=free }}</ref> ====New Zealand==== In New Zealand, prohibition was a moralistic reform movement begun in the mid-1880s by the Protestant evangelical and Nonconformist churches and the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] and after 1890 by the Prohibition League. It assumed that individual virtue was all that was needed to carry the colony forward from a pioneering society to a more mature one, but it never achieved its goal of national prohibition. Both the Church of England and the largely Irish Catholic Church rejected prohibition as an intrusion of government into the church's domain, while the growing labor movement saw capitalism rather than alcohol as the enemy.<ref name="autogenerated1914">Greg Ryan, "Drink and the Historians: Sober Reflections on Alcohol in New Zealand 1840–1914," ''New Zealand Journal of History'' (April 2010) Vol. 44, No. 1</ref><ref name="autogenerated52">Richard Newman, "New Zealand's Vote for Prohibition in 1911", ''New Zealand Journal of History'', April 1975, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 52–71</ref> Reformers hoped that the women's vote, in which New Zealand was a pioneer, would swing the balance, but the women were not as well organized as in other countries. Prohibition had a majority in a national referendum in 1911, but needed a 60% vote to pass. The movement kept trying in the 1920s, losing three more referendums by close votes; it managed to keep in place a [[Six o'clock swill|6 pm closing hour]] for pubs and Sunday closing. The Depression and war years effectively ended the movement,<ref name="autogenerated1914"/><ref name="autogenerated52"/> but their 6 p.m. closing hour remained until October 1967 when it was extended to 10 pm. For many years, referendums were held for individual towns or electorates, often coincident with general elections. The ballots determined whether these individual areas would be "dry" – that is, alcohol could not be purchased or consumed in public in these areas. One notable example was the southern city of [[Invercargill]], which was dry from 1907 to 1943. People wanting alcohol usually travelled to places outside the city (such as the nearby township of [[Lorneville, New Zealand|Lorneville]] or the town of [[Winton, New Zealand|Winton]]) to drink in the local pubs or purchase alcohol to take back home. The last bastion of this 'dry' area remains in force in the form of a [[Invercargill Licensing Trust|licensing trust]] that still to this day governs the sale of liquor in Invercargill. The city does not allow the sale of alcohol (beer and wine included) in supermarkets unlike in the majority of New Zealand, and all form of alcohol regardless of the sort can only be sold in bars and liquor stores. Prohibition was of limited success in New Zealand as—like in other countries—it led to organised [[bootlegging (alcohol)|bootlegging]]. The most famous bootlegged alcohol in New Zealand was that produced in the [[Hokonui Hills]] close to the town of [[Gore, New Zealand|Gore]] (not coincidentally, the nearest large town to Invercargill). Even today, the term "Hokonui" conjures up images of illicit whisky to many New Zealanders.<ref>[http://www.goredc.govt.nz/our-facilities/arts-and-heritage/hokonui-moonshiners-museum/ Hokonui Moonshiners Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122014703/http://goredc.govt.nz/our-facilities/arts-and-heritage/hokonui-moonshiners-museum/ |date=2016-01-22 }}, Gore District Council</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page