Phoenix, Arizona

===Transportation===
{{main|Transportation in Phoenix, Arizona}}

====Air====
[[File:phoenix-sky-harbor-control-tower.jpg|alt=aerial view of Sky Harbor airport, showing the spoke structure of the terminals and gates, with the spike of the control tower toward the lower left of the picture.| thumb|An aerial view of the [[control tower]] at Phoenix Sky Harbor that began operations on January 17, 2007]]
[[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport]] {{airport codes|PHX|KPHX}}, one of the ten busiest airports in the United States, serves over 110,000 people on over 1000 flights per day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skyharbor.com/about/airportFacts.html |title=Airport Facts |publisher=skyharbor.com |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> Centrally located in the metro area near several major freeway interchanges east of downtown Phoenix, the airport serves more than 100 cities with non-stop flights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skyharbor.com/airlinesflights/whereWeFly.html |title=Where We Fly |publisher=skyharbor.com |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref>

[[Air Canada]], [[British Airways]], [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]], [[Volaris]], and [[WestJet]] are among several international carriers as well as American carrier [[American Airlines]] (which maintains a hub at the airport) that provide flights to destinations such as Canada, [[Costa Rica]], Mexico, and [[Heathrow Airport|London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyharbor.com/Flights/WhereWeFly/InternationalDestinations |title=International Destinations |access-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227232324/https://skyharbor.com/Flights/WhereWeFly/InternationalDestinations |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addition to American, other domestic carriers include [[Alaska Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Frontier Airlines|Frontier]], [[Hawaiian Airlines|Hawaiian]], [[JetBlue Airways|JetBlue]], [[Southwest Airlines|Southwest]], [[Spirit Airlines|Spirit]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyharbor.com/Flights/Airlines |title=Airlines |access-date=December 23, 2016 |publisher=Sky Harbor Airport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114507/https://www.skyharbor.com/Flights/Airlines |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport]] {{airport codes|AZA|KIWA}} in neighboring Mesa also serves the area's commercial air traffic. It was converted from Williams Air Force Base, which closed in 1993. The airport has recently received substantial commercial service with [[Allegiant Air]] opening a hub operation at the airport with non-stop service to over a dozen destinations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224030239/http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 24, 2016 |title=Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport continues to break passenger records |last=Totten |first=Steven |date=December 7, 2016 |newspaper=Phoenix Business Journal |access-date=December 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |title=Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport celebrates eight million Allegiant passengers since 2007 |date=December 16, 2016 |publisher=Queen Creek Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223152439/http://queencreekindependent.com/business/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-celebrates-eight-million-allegiant-passengers-since-2007/ |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |access-date=December 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Smaller airports that primarily handle private and corporate jets include [[Phoenix Deer Valley Airport]], in the Deer Valley district of north Phoenix, and [[Scottsdale Airport]], just east of the Phoenix/Scottsdale border. There are also other municipal airports including [[Glendale Municipal Airport]], [[Falcon Field (Arizona)|Falcon Field Airport]] in Mesa, and [[Phoenix Goodyear Airport]].

====Rail and bus====
[[File:Union Station Phoenix - North - 2009-12-08.JPG|thumb|alt=front view of the southwestern architecture of the closed Union railroad station in Phoenix, surrounded by a chain link fence|left|Union Station Phoenix – 2009]]
Amtrak served [[Union Station (Phoenix)|Phoenix Union Station]] until 1996 when the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] (UP) proposed abandoning the route between [[Yuma, Arizona]], and Phoenix.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azta.org/transit_resources/archived_hot_topic/arizona-passenger-railmore-than-just-light-rail-streetcar-and-trolley/ |title=Arizona Transit Association |publisher=Azta.org |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100536/http://www.azta.org/transit_resources/archived_hot_topic/arizona-passenger-railmore-than-just-light-rail-streetcar-and-trolley/ |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amtrak rerouted trains to [[Maricopa, Arizona|Maricopa]], {{convert|30|mi|km}} south of downtown Phoenix, where passengers can board the ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' (Los Angeles-San Antonio-Chicago) and ''[[Sunset Limited]]'' (Los Angeles-New Orleans).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.texaseagle.com/stations/MRC.htm |title=Amtrak's Texas Eagle &#124; Maricopa, AZ |publisher=Texaseagle.com |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908221859/http://www.texaseagle.com/stations/MRC.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/usarail/phoenix.htm |title=Phoenix, AZ |publisher=TrainWeb.org |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> UP retained the trackage and the station remains. In 2021, Amtrak developed a plan to bring rail service back to Phoenix with connections to Tucson and Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amtrakconnectsus.com/maps/phoenix-tucson/|title=Phoenix–Tucson|website=Amtrak Connects US}}</ref> This service is supported by the [[Bipartisan infrastructure bill]] and could take several years for service to be implemented.

Amtrak Thruway buses connect Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]] for connection with the Los Angeles-Chicago ''[[Southwest Chief]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/amtrak/w_chief.html |title=Amtrak's Southwest Chief |publisher=TrainWeb.org |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> Phoenix is also served by [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] bus service, which stops at 24th Street near the airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/search?city=Phoenix&state=AZ&zip=&q=Phoenix%2C+AZ |title=Phoenix Greyhound Station |publisher=Greyhound |access-date=March 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221004925/http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/arizona/phoenix/bus-station-860431 |archive-date=February 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Phoenix Exterior 0550.2009.jpg|thumb|alt=photo of streamlined light rail car pulling into a station|Valley Metro Rail station – 2009]]
[[Valley Metro]] provides public transportation throughout the metropolitan area, with its trains, buses, and a [[Carpool|ride-share]] program. 3.38% of workers commute by public transit. Valley Metro's {{convert|20|mi|km|adj=on}} [[light rail]] project, called [[Valley Metro Rail]], through north-central Phoenix, downtown, and eastward through Tempe and Mesa, opened December 27, 2008. Future rail segments of more than {{convert|30|mi|km}} are planned to open by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valleymetro.org/projects_and_planning/current_projects |title=Current Valley Metro Projects |publisher=Valley Metro |access-date=February 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325065046/http://www.valleymetro.org/projects_and_planning/current_projects |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Roads and freeways====
{{Main|Roads and freeways in metropolitan Phoenix}}

Phoenix auto traffic depends on both freeways and surface streets. Freeways fall under the auspices of the [[Arizona Department of Transportation]] (ADOT). Phoenix ranks first in the nation in the quality of its urban freeways, and the state as a whole ranks first in the nation in the quality of bridges.<ref>{{cite book |title=20th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems |publisher=Reason Foundation |date=July 2013 |first1=David T. |last1=Hartgen |first2=M. Gregory |last2=Fields |first3=Elizabeth |last3=San José}}</ref> While being the fifth most populous city in the nation, Phoenix's freeways do not suffer from the same type of congestion seen in other large cities. In fact, in a recent study, there is not a single stretch of freeway in Phoenix ranked in the 100 worst freeways for either congestion or unreliability.<ref>{{cite book |title=TTI's 2011 Congested Corridors Report |first1=Bill |last1=Eisele |first2=David |last2=Schrank |first3=Tim |last3=Lomax |publisher=Texas A&M-Texas Transportation Institute |date=November 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Interstate 10 and Interstate 17 Interchange at Night.2012.jpg|thumb|alt=photo showing the multiple levels of roadways at the interchange between Interstates ten and seventeen, called "the stack" in downtown Phoenix at night.|left|The Stack (Interstates 10 and 17) interchange at night in 2012]]Part of the reason for this is the extensive freeway system in the city, due to most of that system being funded by local, rather than federal funds, through a half-cent general sales tax measure approved by voters in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportation-finance.org/pdf/featured_documents/nchrp_20_24_62_maricopa.pdf |publisher=Build America Transportation Investment Center |title=Maricopa County Sales Tax Referendum Case Study |access-date=March 22, 2016 |date=September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009123333/http://www.transportation-finance.org/pdf/featured_documents/nchrp_20_24_62_maricopa.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another offshoot of this local funding is that Phoenix is the largest city in the United States to have two Interstate Highways but no three-digit interstates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table2.htm |title=Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002 |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref>

{{As of|2005}}, the metropolitan area of Phoenix contains one of the nation's largest and fastest growing freeway systems, consisting of over {{convert|1,405|mi|km|disp=preunit|lane }}.<ref name="aadt">{{cite news |url=http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/viewpoints/articles/2008/09/07/20080907vip-lavsphx0907.html |title=Transformation into Big City has Benefits, Burdens |work=[[Arizona Republic]] |first1=Yuri |last1=Artibise |first2=Grady Jr. |last2=Gammage |first3=Nancy |last3=Welch |date=September 7, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref> The freeway system is a mix of Interstate, U.S., and state highways which include [[Interstate 10 in Arizona|Interstate 10]], [[Interstate 17]], [[US 60 in Arizona|US 60]], [[Arizona State Route 101|Loop 101]], [[Arizona State Route 202|Loop 202]], [[Arizona State Route 51|SR 51]], [[Arizona State Route 143|SR 143]], and [[Arizona State Route 303|Loop 303]]. There are still major additions to routes 101, 202 and 303 underway, as well as several other smaller projects around the valley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azdot.gov/projects/phoenix-metro-area |title=Phoenix Metro Area Projects |publisher=ADOT |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> State Routes [[Arizona State Route 87|87]], [[Arizona State Route 85|85]], and [[Arizona State Route 74|74]] connect Phoenix with other areas of the Valley and Arizona.<ref name=Discover>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoverphoenixarizona.com/phoenix-streets-and-freeways.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115072541/http://www.discoverphoenixarizona.com/phoenix-streets-and-freeways.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2014 |title=Phoenix Streets and Freeways |publisher=discoverphoenix.com |access-date=February 13, 2014 }}</ref>

The street system in Phoenix (and some of its suburbs) is laid out in a grid system, with most roads oriented either north–south or east–west, and the zero point of the grid being the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street.<ref name=Discover /> The one notable exception to this is the diagonal [[Grand Avenue (Phoenix)|Grand Avenue]], which runs northwest–southeast. The original plan was for the east–west streets to be named after U.S. Presidents, with the north–south streets named after Native Americans; but the north–south streets were quickly changed to numbers, with numbered Avenues running to the west of Central, and numbered Streets to its east.<ref name=Phxgov /> Major arterial streets are spaced {{convert|1|mile|spell=in}} apart, divided into smaller blocks approximately every {{convert|1/8|mi|m}}. For example, Scottsdale Road, being the 7200 block east, lies {{convert|9|mi|km|spell=in}} to the east of Central Avenue (72 / 8).<ref name=Discover />

Freeways and state highways in Phoenix:<ref name=Discover />
{{div col|colwidth=11em}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|I|10}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|I|17}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|51}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|US|60}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|85}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|101}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|143}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|202}}
* {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|303}}
{{div col end}}

====Cycling====
The [[Maricopa Association of Governments]] has a bicycle advisory committee working to improve conditions for bicycling on city streets and off-road paths.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azmag.gov/Committees/Committee.asp?CMSID=1044 |title=Bicycle and Pedestrian Committee |publisher=Maricopa Association of Governments |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226205403/http://www.azmag.gov/Committees/Committee.asp?CMSID=1044 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref>