Epistemology

===Bayesian epistemology===
[[Bayesian epistemology]] is a formal approach to various topics in epistemology that has its roots in [[Thomas Bayes]]' work in the field of probability theory. One advantage of its formal method in contrast to traditional epistemology is that its concepts and theorems can be defined with a high degree of precision. It is based on the idea that beliefs can be interpreted as [[Subjective probability|subjective probabilities]]. As such, they are subject to the laws of [[probability theory]], which act as the norms of [[rationality]]. These norms can be divided into static constraints, governing the rationality of beliefs at any moment, and dynamic constraints, governing how rational agents should change their beliefs upon receiving new evidence. The most characteristic Bayesian expression of these principles is found in the form of [[Dutch book]]s, which illustrate irrationality in agents through a series of bets that lead to a loss for the agent no matter which of the probabilistic events occurs. Bayesians have applied these fundamental principles to various epistemological topics but Bayesianism does not cover all topics of traditional epistemology.<ref name="Talbott"/><ref name="Olsson2018"/><ref name="HartmannSprenger2010"/><ref name="HájekLin2017"/>