Baltimore

===Local dialect===
{{Main|Baltimore dialect}}
Baltimore city, along with its surrounding regions, is home to a unique local dialect known as the [[Baltimore dialect]]. It is part of the larger [[Mid-Atlantic American English]] group and is noted to be very similar to the [[Philadelphia dialect]].<ref name=labov>{{cite book|last1=Labov|first1=William|author-link=William Labov|last2=Ash|first2=Sharon|last3=Boberg|first3=Charles|year=2005|title=The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-020683-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.evolpub.com/Americandialects/MidAtldialects.html| title=The Mid-Atlantic Dialects| publisher=Evolution Publishing |access-date=March 29, 2011}}</ref>

The so-called "Bawlmerese" accent is known for its characteristic pronunciation of its long "o" vowel, in which an "eh" sound is added before the long "o" sound (/oʊ/ shifts to [ɘʊ], or even [eʊ]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.umbc.edu/che/tahlessons/pdf/historylabs/Maryland:_A_Mid_student:RS01.pdf|title=Baltimore's Dialect: North or South, Hon?|access-date=April 18, 2018}}</ref> It adopts Philadelphia's pattern of the short "a" sound, such that the tensed vowel in words like "bath" or "ask" does not match the more relaxed one in "sad" or "act".<ref name=labov />

Baltimore native [[John Waters (director born 1946)|John Waters]] parodies the city and its dialect extensively in his films. Most are [[List of films shot in Baltimore|filmed in Baltimore]], including the 1972 cult classic ''[[Pink Flamingos]]'', as well as ''[[Hairspray (1988 film)|Hairspray]]'' and its [[Hairspray (musical)|Broadway musical remake]].