Aristotle

=== Revival ===
In the slumbering centuries following the decline of the Roman Empire, Aristotle's vast philosophical and scientific corpus lay largely dormant in the West. But in the burgeoning intellectual heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, his works underwent a remarkable revival.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gutas |first=Dimitri |title=The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early 'Abbasaid Society |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0415061339 |edition=1st |language=English}}</ref> Translated into Arabic alongside other Greek classics, Aristotle's logic, ethics, and natural philosophy ignited the minds of early Islamic scholars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2017-02-13 |title=The Reception of Aristotelian Science in Early Islam: A Historical Account |url=https://www.ihc.ucsb.edu/reception-of-aristotelian-science/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Interdisciplinary Humanities Center UCSB |language=en-US}}</ref>

Through meticulous commentaries and critical engagements, figures like [[Al-Farabi]] and [[Avicenna|Ibn Sina]] (Avicenna) breathed new life into Aristotle's ideas. They harmonized his logic with Islamic theology, employed his scientific methodologies to explore the natural world, and even reinterpreted his ethics within the framework of Islamic morality. This revival was not mere imitation. Islamic thinkers embraced Aristotle's rigorous methods while simultaneously challenging his conclusions where they diverged from their own religious beliefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fakhry |first=Professor Majid |title=A History of Islamic Philosophy |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0231055338 |edition=2nd |language=English}}</ref>