Vancouver

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Vancouver}} {{See also|List of roads in Vancouver}}
[[File:A look downtown (759827996).jpg|thumbnail|A [[SeaBus]] crosses [[Burrard Inlet]] between Vancouver and the neighbouring [[North Vancouver (city)|city of North Vancouver]].]]
Vancouver's [[tram|streetcar]] system began on June 28, 1890, and ran from the (first) [[Granville Street Bridge]] to Westminster Avenue (now [[Main Street (Vancouver)|Main Street]] and [[Kingsway (Vancouver)|Kingsway]]). Less than a year later, the Westminster and Vancouver Tramway Company began operating Canada's first interurban line between the two cities (extended to [[Chilliwack]] in 1910). Another line (1902), the Vancouver and Lulu Island Railway, was leased by the Canadian Pacific Railway to the British Columbia Electric Railway in 1905 and ran from the Granville Street Bridge to [[Steveston, British Columbia|Steveston]] via [[Kerrisdale]], which encouraged residential neighbourhoods outside the central core to develop.<ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Chuck |url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology2.html |title=1885–1891 |work=The History of Metropolitan Vancouver |access-date=November 23, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723142431/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology2.html |archive-date=July 23, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> From 1897 the [[British Columbia Electric Railway]] (BCER) became the company that operated the urban and [[interurban]] rail system, until 1958, when its last vestiges were dismantled in favour of "trackless" [[Trolley pole|trolley]] and gasoline/diesel [[bus]]es;<ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Chuck |url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology1958.htm |title=1958 |work=The History of Metropolitan Vancouver |access-date=November 14, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103044837/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology1958.htm |archive-date=January 3, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> in that same year the BCER became the core of the newly created, publicly owned [[BC Hydro]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} Vancouver currently has the second-largest [[trolleybus]] fleet in North America, after [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Snider |first=Drew |url=http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10221148/light-rail-vs-trolley-bus |title=Light Rail vs. Trolley Bus |work=Masstransitmag.com |date=June 1, 2007 |access-date=May 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613192726/http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10221148/light-rail-vs-trolley-bus |archive-date=June 13, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Hwy1-offramp-withbg.jpg|thumb|left|Off- and on-ramps leading to [[British Columbia Highway 1]] in Vancouver. Highway 1 is the only [[controlled-access highway]] within the city limits.]]
Successive city councils in the 1970s and 1980s prohibited the construction of freeways as part of a long-term plan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Millar |first=Royce |title=No freeways puts Vancouver on top |date=September 11, 2006 |work=The Age |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/09/10/1157826813807.html |access-date=November 14, 2006 |location=Melbourne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106000122/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/09/10/1157826813807.html |archive-date=November 6, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, the only major freeway within city limits is [[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]], which passes through the north-eastern corner of the city. While the number of cars in Vancouver proper has been steadily rising with population growth, the rate of car ownership and the average distance driven by daily commuters have fallen since the early 1990s.<ref name="VanMag" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Traffic entering Vancouver, 1986 to 2005 |publisher=City of Vancouver |url=http://www.vancouver.ca/commsvcs/cityplans/transportation/traffic.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110739/http://www.vancouver.ca/commsvcs/cityplans/transportation/traffic.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=May 30, 2007}}</ref> Vancouver is the only major Canadian city with these trends. Even though the journey time per vehicle has increased by one-third and growing traffic mass, there are 7 percent fewer cars making trips into the downtown core.<ref name="VanMag">{{cite magazine |date=June 2007 |title=Driving Lessons |magazine=[[Vancouver Magazine]]}}</ref> In 2012, Vancouver had the worst traffic congestion in Canada and the second-highest in [[North America]], behind [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/10/11/vancouver-worst-traffic-congestion-canada_n_1959412.html |title=Vancouver Has Canada's Worst Traffic Congestion: Report |work=The Huffington Post B.C. |date=October 11, 2012 |access-date=February 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216111046/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/10/11/vancouver-worst-traffic-congestion-canada_n_1959412.html |archive-date=February 16, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2013}}, Vancouver had the worst traffic congestion in North America.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/949901/vancouver-has-worst-traffic-congestion-in-north-america-report/ |title=Vancouver has worst traffic congestion in North America: report |work=Global BC |date=November 6, 2013 |access-date=December 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054942/http://globalnews.ca/news/949901/vancouver-has-worst-traffic-congestion-in-north-america-report/ |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Residents have been more inclined to live in areas closer to their interests, or use more energy-efficient means of travel, such as mass transit and cycling. This is, in part, the result of a push by city planners for a solution to traffic problems and pro-environment campaigns. [[Transportation demand management]] policies have imposed restrictions on drivers, making commuting more difficult and expensive while introducing more benefits for non-drivers.<ref name="VanMag" />
[[File:Skytrain1248.jpg|thumb|upright|Vancouver's [[SkyTrain (Vancouver)|SkyTrain]] in the Grandview Cut, with downtown Vancouver in the background. The white dome-like structure is the old roof of [[BC Place Stadium]].|alt=A two car train follows rail tracks under and bridge. In the background can be seen a domed sports stadium and high-rise buildings.]]
[[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]] is responsible for roads and public transportation within [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]] (in succession to [[BC Transit]], which had taken over the transit functions of BC Hydro). It provides bus service, including the [[RapidBus (TransLink)|RapidBus]] express service, a foot passenger and bicycle ferry service (known as [[SeaBus]]), an automated rapid transit service called [[SkyTrain (Vancouver)|SkyTrain]], and [[West Coast Express]] commuter rail. Vancouver's SkyTrain system is currently running on three lines, the [[Millennium Line]], the [[Expo Line (SkyTrain)|Expo Line]] and the [[Canada Line]]<ref name="Translink10">{{cite web |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/bpotp/plans/2010_10_year_plan/Appendices/appendix%20d/Toms%202010%2010%20Year%20Plan%20for%20Workshops%20Jun%2009%20v2.ashx |title=2009 10-Year Transportation & Financial Plan |format=PDF |publisher=TransLink |access-date=June 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125152439/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/bpotp/plans/2010_10_year_plan/Appendices/appendix%20d/Toms%202010%2010%20Year%20Plan%20for%20Workshops%20Jun%2009%20v2.ashx |archive-date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> with a total of 53 stations as of 2017. Only 20 stations are within the City of Vancouver borders, with the remainder in the adjacent suburbs. A number of the city's biggest tourist attractions{{snd}}such as English Bay, Stanley Park, the Vancouver Aquarium, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Kitsilano neighbourhood{{snd}}are not connected by this rapid transit system.

Changes are being made to the regional transportation network as part of Translink's 10-Year Transportation Plan. The [[Canada Line]], opened on August 17, 2009, connects [[Vancouver International Airport]] and the neighbouring city of [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]] with the existing SkyTrain system. The [[Evergreen Extension]], which opened on December 2, 2016, links the cities of [[Coquitlam]] and [[Port Moody]] with the SkyTrain system.<ref name="bcmot_rfp">{{cite press release |url=http://www.evergreenline.gov.bc.ca/documents/NewsReleases/2011TRAN0096-001456.pdf |title=Information Bulletin: Evergreen Line RFP released |date=November 9, 2011 |publisher=[[British Columbia Ministry of Transportation]] |access-date=November 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105185805/http://www.evergreenline.gov.bc.ca/documents/NewsReleases/2011TRAN0096-001456.pdf |archive-date=January 5, 2012}}</ref> As of January 2019, plans to extend the SkyTrain Millennium Line west to [[University of British Columbia|UBC]] as a subway under [[Broadway (Vancouver)|Broadway]] have been approved and there are plans for capacity upgrades and an extension to the [[Expo Line (SkyTrain)|Expo Line]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plans and Projects |url=https://www.translink.ca/plans-and-projects |access-date=March 3, 2022 |website=www.translink.ca |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303050014/https://www.translink.ca/plans-and-projects |url-status=live }}</ref> Several road projects will be completed within the next few years, as part of the Provincial Government's [[Gateway Program (Vancouver)|Gateway Program]].<ref name="Translink10" />

Other modes of transport add to the diversity of options available in Vancouver. Inter-city passenger rail service is operated from [[Pacific Central Station]] by [[Via Rail]] to points east, [[Amtrak Cascades]] to [[Seattle]] and [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], and [[Rocky Mountaineer]] rail tour routes. Small passenger ferries in False Creek provide commuter service to Granville Island, Downtown Vancouver and Kitsilano. Vancouver has a citywide network of bicycle lanes and routes, supporting an active cyclist population year-round. Cycling has become Vancouver's fastest-growing mode of transportation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/cycling/stats.htm |title=Cycling statistics |publisher=City of Vancouver |year=2009 |access-date=December 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201135843/http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/cycling/stats.htm |archive-date=December 1, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[bicycle-sharing system]] [[Mobi (bike share)|Mobi]] was introduced to the city in June 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bc.ctvnews.ca/vancouver-unveils-bike-share-program-mobi-1.2912223 |title=Vancouver unveils bike-share program Mobi |date=May 21, 2016 |work=CTV News |access-date=September 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002064339/http://bc.ctvnews.ca/vancouver-unveils-bike-share-program-mobi-1.2912223 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Vancouver is served by [[Vancouver International Airport]] (YVR), located on [[Sea Island (British Columbia)|Sea Island]] in the city of Richmond, immediately south of Vancouver. Vancouver's airport is Canada's second-busiest airport,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yvr.ca/en/about/facts-stats.aspx |title=Facts & Stats |publisher=[[Vancouver International Airport]] |access-date=June 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614115658/http://www.yvr.ca/en/about/facts-stats.aspx |archive-date=June 14, 2012}}</ref> and the second-largest gateway on the west coast of North America for international passengers.<ref>[http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/publications/british-columbia-profile.aspx British Columbia: Business and Investment Environment]. Government of Canada. Retrieved August 2, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204043130/http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/publications/british-columbia-profile.aspx |date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> [[Helijet|HeliJet]] and [[Floatplane|float plane]] companies operate scheduled air service from Vancouver harbour and YVR south terminal. Two [[BC Ferries|BC Ferry]] terminals also serve the city. One is to the northwest at [[Horseshoe Bay ferry terminal|Horseshoe Bay]] in [[West Vancouver]], and the other is to the south at [[Tsawwassen ferry terminal|Tsawwassen]] in [[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcferries.com/ |title=BC Ferries |publisher=British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. |year=2009 |access-date=November 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021210835/http://www.bcferries.com/ |archive-date=October 21, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>