September 11 attacks Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Rebuilding and memorials == === Reconstruction === {{Main|Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center|Construction of One World Trade Center}} {{Further|World Trade Center (2001–present)|World Trade Center site}} [[File:Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_September_2020_HDR_panorama_(cropped).jpg|thumb|The [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|rebuilt World Trade Center]], 2020]] On the day of the attacks, New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani stated: "We will rebuild. We're going to come out of this stronger than before, politically stronger, economically stronger. The skyline will be made whole again".<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Tess |url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2001/0926/today.html |title=Rebuilding in New York |date=September 26, 2001 |work=Architecture Week |issue=68 |access-date=September 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511012010/http://www.architectureweek.com/2001/0926/today.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Within hours of the attack, a substantial search and rescue operation was launched. After months of around-the-clock operations, the World Trade Center site was cleared by the end of May 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/05/30/rec.wtc.cleanup/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201081749/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/05/30/rec.wtc.cleanup/ |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |title=Ceremony closes 'Ground Zero' cleanup |date=May 30, 2002 |publisher=CNN|access-date=November 24, 2013}}</ref> The damaged section of the Pentagon was rebuilt and occupied within a year of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Oglesby |first=Christy |title=Phoenix rises: Pentagon honours 'hard-hat patriots' |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/09/11/ar911.memorial.pentagon/ |publisher=CNN|date=September 11, 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041218040531/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/09/11/ar911.memorial.pentagon/ |archive-date=December 18, 2004 |access-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> The temporary [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center PATH station]] opened in late 2003 and construction of the new 7{{spaces}}World Trade Center was completed in 2006. Work on rebuilding the main World Trade Center site was delayed until late 2006 when leaseholder [[Larry Silverstein]] and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed on financing.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/22/nyregion/nyregionspecial3/22rebuild.html |title=An Agreement Is Formalized on Rebuilding at Ground Zero |work=The New York Times |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=September 22, 2006|access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> The construction of [[One World Trade Center]] began on April 27, 2006, and reached its full height on May 20, 2013. The spire was installed atop the building at that date, putting One{{spaces}}WTC's height at 1,776 feet (541{{spaces}}m) and thus claiming the title of the tallest building in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/1-wtc-spire-bringing-full-height-article-1.1340224|title=One World Trade Center gets spire, bringing it to its full 1,776-foot height|last1=Badia|first1=Erik|date=May 10, 2013|work=New York Daily News website|access-date=January 12, 2015|last2=Sit|first2=Ryan}}</ref><ref name="Moore One WTC">{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Jack |date=November 3, 2014 |title=World Trade Center Re-opens as Tallest Building in America |url=http://onewtc.com/news/world-trade-center-re-opens-as-tallest-building-in-america |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904120549/http://onewtc.com/news/world-trade-center-re-opens-as-tallest-building-in-america |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=September 11, 2015 |publisher=One World Trade Center}}</ref> One WTC finished construction and opened on November 3, 2014.<ref name="Moore One WTC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3553897/one-world-trade-center-freedom-tower-opens-doors-new-york-city-911/|title=One World Trade Center Opens Its Doors|last=Iyengar|first=Rishi|date=November 3, 2014|magazine=Time|access-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Aaron |date=November 3, 2014 |title=One World Trade Center opens today |publisher=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/11/03/news/companies/one-world-trade-center/index.html |access-date=November 4, 2014}}</ref> On the World Trade Center site, three more office towers were to be built one block east of where the original towers stood.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lower Manhattan: Current Construction |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914070256/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/|archive-date=September 14, 2011|publisher=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center|access-date=September 8, 2011}}</ref> [[4 World Trade Center|4{{spaces}}WTC]], meanwhile, opened in November 2013, making it the second tower on the site to open behind 7{{spaces}}World Trade Center, as well as the first building on the Port Authority property.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-12/world-trade-center-tower-debuts-in-manhattan-leasing-test|title=NYC's World Trade Tower Opens 40% Empty in Revival|date=November 12, 2013|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> 3{{spaces}}WTC opened on June 11, 2018, becoming the fourth skyscraper at the site to be completed.<ref name="USAToday 2018-06-10">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/06/10/3-world-trade-center-open-after-years-delays-twin-towers-site/689035002/|title=New World Trade Center to open after years of delays|date=June 10, 2018|website=USA Today|access-date=June 11, 2018}}</ref> In December 2022, the Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church fully reopened for regular services<ref name="CBS News 20222">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2022 |title=Saint Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church officially reopens to public after being destroyed on 9/11 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/saint-nicholas-greek-orthodox-church-officially-reopens-to-public-after-being-destroyed-on-911/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 |website=CBS News}}</ref> followed by the opening of the [[Performing Arts Center (Manhattan)|Ronald O. Perelman Performing Arts Center]] in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pareles |first=Jon |date=2023-09-18 |title=Perelman Arts Center Opens in New York and Welcomes the World |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/arts/music/perelman-arts-center-opens.html |access-date=2023-09-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> With construction beginning in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 11, 2008 |title=Late Delivery of the 2 World Trade Center Site |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/late-delivery-of-the-2-world-trade-center-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206052142/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/late-delivery-of-the-2-world-trade-center-site/ |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=April 24, 2014}}</ref> [[2 World Trade Center]] remains as of 2023 unfinished.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |date=2022-10-27 |title=The Latest Developments on 2 World Trade |url=https://lev.co/blog/markets/latest-development-2-world-trade/ |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=Lev |language=en-US}}</ref> Construction of a [[5 World Trade Center]] is planned to begin in 2024 and be finished by 2029.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Rizzi |first=Nicholas |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Silverstein, Brookfield Win Bid to Build Tower at 5 World Trade Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2021/02/silverstein-brookfield-win-bid-to-build-mixed-use-tower-at-5-world-trade-center/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213164618/https://commercialobserver.com/2021/02/silverstein-brookfield-win-bid-to-build-mixed-use-tower-at-5-world-trade-center/ |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |access-date=February 14, 2021 |website=Commercial Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="newyorkyimby.com">{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Michael |date=February 13, 2021 |title=Five World Trade Center's 900-Foot-Tall Redesign by Kohn Pedersen Fox Revealed, in Manhattan's Financial District |url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2021/02/five-world-trade-centers-900-foot-tall-redesign-by-kohn-pedersen-fox-revealed-in-manhattans-financial-district.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421231413/https://newyorkyimby.com/2021/02/five-world-trade-centers-900-foot-tall-redesign-by-kohn-pedersen-fox-revealed-in-manhattans-financial-district.html |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=New York YIMBY |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Christopher O. Ward]], Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Executive Director from 2008 to 2011, is a survivor of the attacks and is credited with getting the construction of the 9/11 site back on track.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twintowersalliance.com/Ward_1-30-09.pdf |title=Transcript: Friday, 1/30/09 {{!}} Chris Ward, Executive Director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |website=Twin Towers Alliance |access-date=January 13, 2021 |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512070859/https://twintowersalliance.com/Ward_1-30-09.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Memorials === {{Main|Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks}} [[File:9-11_Memorial_and_Museum_(28815276064).jpg|thumb|The [[National September 11 Memorial and Museum]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], 2016]] In the days immediately following the attacks, many memorials and vigils were held around the world, and photographs of the dead and missing were posted around [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]]. A witness described being unable to "get away from faces of innocent victims who were killed. Their pictures are everywhere, on phone booths, street lights, and walls of subway stations. Everything reminded me of a huge funeral, people were quiet and sad, but also very nice. Before, New York gave me a cold feeling; now people were reaching out to help each other".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sigmund |first=Pete |title=Crews Assist Rescuers in Massive WTC Search |url=http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/Crews-Assist-Rescuers-in-Massive-WTC-Search/1531/ |publisher=Construction Equipment Guide |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> President Bush proclaimed Friday, September 14, 2001 as Patriot Day.<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010913-7.html National Day of Prayer and Remembrance for the Victims Of the Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906080819/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010913-7.html|date=September 6, 2017}} A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America</ref> [[File:Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_September_2020_HDR.jpg|thumb|''[[Tribute in Light]]'', featuring two columns of light representing the Twin Towers, 2020]] One of the first memorials was the ''[[Tribute in Light]]'', an installation of 88 searchlights at the footprints of the World Trade Center towers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribute in light to New York victims |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1857699.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=March 6, 2002 |access-date=April 1, 2012}}</ref> In New York City, the [[World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition]] was held to design an appropriate memorial on the site.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition |url=http://wtcsitememorial.org/about.html |publisher=World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition |access-date=September 4, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215163019/http://www.wtcsitememorial.org/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The winning design, ''[[National September 11 Memorial & Museum|Reflecting Absence]]'', was selected in August 2006, and consists of a pair of reflecting pools in the footprints of the towers, surrounded by a list of the victims' names in an underground memorial space.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=WTC Memorial Construction Begins|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=March 6, 2006|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/13/national/main1393070.shtml|access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> The memorial was completed on September 11, 2011;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/remembering-9-11/place-of-remembrance/ |title=A Place of Remembrance |website=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |year=2011 |access-date=November 5, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105175631/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/remembering-9-11/place-of-remembrance/ |archive-date=November 5, 2014 }}</ref> a museum also opened on site on May 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |title=National September 11 Memorial Museum opens |publisher=[[WNYW]] |date=May 21, 2014 |access-date=May 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521194934/http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |archive-date=May 21, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Sphere]]'' by the German sculptor [[Fritz Koenig]] is the world's largest bronze sculpture of modern times, and stands between the Twin Towers on the [[Austin J. Tobin]] Plaza of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in New York City from 1971 until the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The sculpture, weighing more than 20 tons, was the only remaining work of art to be recovered largely intact from the ruins of the collapsed Twin Towers after the attacks. Since then, the work of art, known in the U.S. as ''The Sphere'', has been transformed into an important symbolic monument of 9/11 commemoration. After being dismantled and stored near a hangar at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], the sculpture was the subject of the 2001 documentary ''[[The Sphere]]'' by filmmaker [[Percy Adlon]]. On August 16, 2017, the work was reinstated, installed at the [[Liberty Park]], close to the new World Trade Center aerial and the [[9/11 Memorial]].<ref name="NYT 2017-11-29">{{cite news |last=Otterman |first=Sharon |title=Battered and Scarred, 'Sphere' Returns to 9/11 Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/29/nyregion/911-memorial-sphere-sculpture.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 29, 2017 |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref> [[File:US_Navy_080904-N-5319A-008_The_Pentagon_Memorial_honoring_the_184_people_killed_at_the_Pentagon_and_on_American_Airlines_flight_77.jpg|thumb|The [[National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial]] in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], 2008]] In Arlington County, the [[Pentagon Memorial]] was completed and opened to the public on the seventh anniversary of the attacks in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miroff |first=Nick |title=Creating a Place Like No Other |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/10/AR2008091000018.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 11, 2008 |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Miroff |first=Nick |title=A Long-Awaited Opening, Bringing Closure to Many |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/11/AR2008091100579.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 12, 2008 |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> It consists of a landscaped park with 184 benches facing the Pentagon.<ref name="dwyer-may2007">{{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Timothy |title=Pentagon Memorial Progress Is Step Forward for Families |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/25/AR2007052502284.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 26, 2007 |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> When the Pentagon was repaired in 2001–2002, a private chapel and indoor memorial were included, located at the spot where Flight 77 crashed into the building.<ref>{{cite web |title=DefenseLINK News Photos – Pentagon's America's Heroes Memorial |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/photos/newsphoto.aspx?newsphotoid=4018 |url-status=dead |publisher=Department of Defense |access-date=September 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130081905/http://www.defenselink.mil/photos/newsphoto.aspx?newsphotoid=4018 |archive-date=November 30, 2009}}</ref> In Shanksville, a [[Flight 93 National Memorial|concrete-and-glass visitor center]] was opened on September 10, 2015,<ref name="NPS 93 mem">{{cite web |title=Flight 93 National Memorial – Sources and Detailed Information |publisher=National Park Service |date=n.d. |url=https://www.nps.gov/flni/learn/historyculture/sources-and-detailed-information.htm |access-date=January 31, 2017 |quote=13. When will the Memorial be finished?}}</ref> situated on a hill overlooking the crash site and the white marble ''Wall of Names''.<ref name="NPS FAQs">{{cite web |title=Flight 93 National Memorial – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) |publisher=National Park Service |date=May 2013 |pages=22–23 |url=https://www.nps.gov/flni/historyculture/upload/FAQs_longform_formatted_5-2013.pdf |access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> An observation platform at the visitor centre and the white marble wall are both aligned beneath the path of Flight 93.<ref name="NPS FAQs" /><ref name="NYT 2015-09-09">{{cite news |title=A Long Road to a Place of Peace for Flight 93 Families |work=The New York Times |date=September 9, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/us/a-long-road-to-a-place-of-peace-for-flight-93-families.html |access-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref> A temporary memorial is located {{convert|500|yd|0}} from the crash site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/flni|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411125737/http://www.nps.gov/flni|archive-date=April 11, 2008 |title=Flight 93 Memorial Project |publisher=Flight 93 Memorial Project / National Park Service |access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> New York City firefighters donated a cross made of steel from the World Trade Center and mounted on top of a platform shaped like the Pentagon.<ref name='ap2008-08-24'>{{cite news |last=Nephin |first=Dan |title=Steel cross goes up near flight's 9/11 Pa. crash site |date=August 24, 2008 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://global.christianpost.com/news/steel-cross-installed-near-flight-93-site-in-pa-33978/ |access-date=September 5, 2011 |archive-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021140020/http://global.christianpost.com/news/steel-cross-installed-near-flight-93-site-in-pa-33978/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was installed outside the firehouse on August 25, 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaskell |first=Stephanie|title=Pa. site of 9/11 crash gets WTC beam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/05/us/05memorial.html|date=August 25, 2008|work=New York Daily News|access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> Many other permanent memorials are elsewhere. Scholarships and charities have been established by the victims' families and by many other organizations and private figures.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fessenden|first=Ford |title=9/11; After the World Gave: Where $2 Billion in Kindness Ended Up|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/18/giving/9-11-after-the-world-gave-where-2-billion-in-kindness-ended-up.html|work=The New York Times|date=November 18, 2002|access-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref> On every anniversary in New York City, the names of the victims who died there are read out against a background of sombre music. The President of the United States attends a memorial service at the Pentagon,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/11/at-a-memorial-ceremony-loss-and-tension/?hp |work=The New York Times |title=At a Memorial Ceremony, Loss and Tension |first=Andy |last=Newman |date=September 11, 2010}}</ref> and asks Americans to observe [[Patriot Day]] with a moment of silence. Smaller services are held in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, which are usually attended by the First Lady. In September 2023, President Joe Biden did not attend services in the affected areas, instead marking the day in [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]], [[Alaska]], the first US President to do so since the attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-28 |title=Biden will observe 9/11 in Alaska instead of the traditional NYC, Virginia or Pennsylvania events |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-911-terrorist-attack-harris-alaska-8e58378865dc612a49d0a2dee80f2304 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Judd |first=Donald |date=2023-09-11 |title=Biden marks 9/11 in Alaska, calls on Americans 'to protect our democracy' {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/11/politics/biden-september-11-remarks/index.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hutzler |first=Alexandra |date=September 11, 2023 |title=Biden criticized for marking 9/11 anniversary in Alaska |work=[[ABC News]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-mark-911-anniversary-alaska-harris-visits-ground/story?id=103088628 |access-date=September 23, 2023}}</ref> {{clear}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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