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Do not fill this in! ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== {{main|Transportation in Phoenix, Arizona}} ====Air==== [[File:phoenix-sky-harbor-control-tower.jpg|alt=aerial view of Sky Harbor airport, showing the spoke structure of the terminals and gates, with the spike of the control tower toward the lower left of the picture.| thumb|An aerial view of the [[control tower]] at Phoenix Sky Harbor that began operations on January 17, 2007]] [[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport]] {{airport codes|PHX|KPHX}}, one of the ten busiest airports in the United States, serves over 110,000 people on over 1000 flights per day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skyharbor.com/about/airportFacts.html |title=Airport Facts |publisher=skyharbor.com |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> Centrally located in the metro area near several major freeway interchanges east of downtown Phoenix, the airport serves more than 100 cities with non-stop flights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skyharbor.com/airlinesflights/whereWeFly.html |title=Where We Fly |publisher=skyharbor.com |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> [[Air Canada]], [[British Airways]], [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]], [[Volaris]], and [[WestJet]] are among several international carriers as well as American carrier [[American Airlines]] (which maintains a hub at the airport) that provide flights to destinations such as Canada, [[Costa Rica]], Mexico, and [[Heathrow Airport|London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyharbor.com/Flights/WhereWeFly/InternationalDestinations |title=International Destinations |access-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227232324/https://skyharbor.com/Flights/WhereWeFly/InternationalDestinations |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addition to American, other domestic carriers include [[Alaska Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Frontier Airlines|Frontier]], [[Hawaiian Airlines|Hawaiian]], [[JetBlue Airways|JetBlue]], [[Southwest Airlines|Southwest]], [[Spirit Airlines|Spirit]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyharbor.com/Flights/Airlines |title=Airlines |access-date=December 23, 2016 |publisher=Sky Harbor Airport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114507/https://www.skyharbor.com/Flights/Airlines |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport]] {{airport codes|AZA|KIWA}} in neighboring Mesa also serves the area's commercial air traffic. It was converted from Williams Air Force Base, which closed in 1993. The airport has recently received substantial commercial service with [[Allegiant Air]] opening a hub operation at the airport with non-stop service to over a dozen destinations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224030239/http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 24, 2016 |title=Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport continues to break passenger records |last=Totten |first=Steven |date=December 7, 2016 |newspaper=Phoenix Business Journal |access-date=December 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2016/12/07/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-continues-to-break.html |title=Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport celebrates eight million Allegiant passengers since 2007 |date=December 16, 2016 |publisher=Queen Creek Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223152439/http://queencreekindependent.com/business/phoenix-mesa-gateway-airport-celebrates-eight-million-allegiant-passengers-since-2007/ |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |access-date=December 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Smaller airports that primarily handle private and corporate jets include [[Phoenix Deer Valley Airport]], in the Deer Valley district of north Phoenix, and [[Scottsdale Airport]], just east of the Phoenix/Scottsdale border. There are also other municipal airports including [[Glendale Municipal Airport]], [[Falcon Field (Arizona)|Falcon Field Airport]] in Mesa, and [[Phoenix Goodyear Airport]]. ====Rail and bus==== [[File:Union Station Phoenix - North - 2009-12-08.JPG|thumb|alt=front view of the southwestern architecture of the closed Union railroad station in Phoenix, surrounded by a chain link fence|left|Union Station Phoenix – 2009]] Amtrak served [[Union Station (Phoenix)|Phoenix Union Station]] until 1996 when the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] (UP) proposed abandoning the route between [[Yuma, Arizona]], and Phoenix.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azta.org/transit_resources/archived_hot_topic/arizona-passenger-railmore-than-just-light-rail-streetcar-and-trolley/ |title=Arizona Transit Association |publisher=Azta.org |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100536/http://www.azta.org/transit_resources/archived_hot_topic/arizona-passenger-railmore-than-just-light-rail-streetcar-and-trolley/ |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amtrak rerouted trains to [[Maricopa, Arizona|Maricopa]], {{convert|30|mi|km}} south of downtown Phoenix, where passengers can board the ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' (Los Angeles-San Antonio-Chicago) and ''[[Sunset Limited]]'' (Los Angeles-New Orleans).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.texaseagle.com/stations/MRC.htm |title=Amtrak's Texas Eagle | Maricopa, AZ |publisher=Texaseagle.com |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908221859/http://www.texaseagle.com/stations/MRC.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/usarail/phoenix.htm |title=Phoenix, AZ |publisher=TrainWeb.org |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> UP retained the trackage and the station remains. In 2021, Amtrak developed a plan to bring rail service back to Phoenix with connections to Tucson and Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amtrakconnectsus.com/maps/phoenix-tucson/|title=Phoenix–Tucson|website=Amtrak Connects US}}</ref> This service is supported by the [[Bipartisan infrastructure bill]] and could take several years for service to be implemented. Amtrak Thruway buses connect Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]] for connection with the Los Angeles-Chicago ''[[Southwest Chief]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/amtrak/w_chief.html |title=Amtrak's Southwest Chief |publisher=TrainWeb.org |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> Phoenix is also served by [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] bus service, which stops at 24th Street near the airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/search?city=Phoenix&state=AZ&zip=&q=Phoenix%2C+AZ |title=Phoenix Greyhound Station |publisher=Greyhound |access-date=March 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221004925/http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/arizona/phoenix/bus-station-860431 |archive-date=February 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Phoenix Exterior 0550.2009.jpg|thumb|alt=photo of streamlined light rail car pulling into a station|Valley Metro Rail station – 2009]] [[Valley Metro]] provides public transportation throughout the metropolitan area, with its trains, buses, and a [[Carpool|ride-share]] program. 3.38% of workers commute by public transit. Valley Metro's {{convert|20|mi|km|adj=on}} [[light rail]] project, called [[Valley Metro Rail]], through north-central Phoenix, downtown, and eastward through Tempe and Mesa, opened December 27, 2008. Future rail segments of more than {{convert|30|mi|km}} are planned to open by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valleymetro.org/projects_and_planning/current_projects |title=Current Valley Metro Projects |publisher=Valley Metro |access-date=February 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325065046/http://www.valleymetro.org/projects_and_planning/current_projects |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Roads and freeways==== {{Main|Roads and freeways in metropolitan Phoenix}} Phoenix auto traffic depends on both freeways and surface streets. Freeways fall under the auspices of the [[Arizona Department of Transportation]] (ADOT). Phoenix ranks first in the nation in the quality of its urban freeways, and the state as a whole ranks first in the nation in the quality of bridges.<ref>{{cite book |title=20th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems |publisher=Reason Foundation |date=July 2013 |first1=David T. |last1=Hartgen |first2=M. Gregory |last2=Fields |first3=Elizabeth |last3=San José}}</ref> While being the fifth most populous city in the nation, Phoenix's freeways do not suffer from the same type of congestion seen in other large cities. In fact, in a recent study, there is not a single stretch of freeway in Phoenix ranked in the 100 worst freeways for either congestion or unreliability.<ref>{{cite book |title=TTI's 2011 Congested Corridors Report |first1=Bill |last1=Eisele |first2=David |last2=Schrank |first3=Tim |last3=Lomax |publisher=Texas A&M-Texas Transportation Institute |date=November 2011}}</ref> [[File:Interstate 10 and Interstate 17 Interchange at Night.2012.jpg|thumb|alt=photo showing the multiple levels of roadways at the interchange between Interstates ten and seventeen, called "the stack" in downtown Phoenix at night.|left|The Stack (Interstates 10 and 17) interchange at night in 2012]]Part of the reason for this is the extensive freeway system in the city, due to most of that system being funded by local, rather than federal funds, through a half-cent general sales tax measure approved by voters in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportation-finance.org/pdf/featured_documents/nchrp_20_24_62_maricopa.pdf |publisher=Build America Transportation Investment Center |title=Maricopa County Sales Tax Referendum Case Study |access-date=March 22, 2016 |date=September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009123333/http://www.transportation-finance.org/pdf/featured_documents/nchrp_20_24_62_maricopa.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another offshoot of this local funding is that Phoenix is the largest city in the United States to have two Interstate Highways but no three-digit interstates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table2.htm |title=Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002 |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2005}}, the metropolitan area of Phoenix contains one of the nation's largest and fastest growing freeway systems, consisting of over {{convert|1,405|mi|km|disp=preunit|lane }}.<ref name="aadt">{{cite news |url=http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/viewpoints/articles/2008/09/07/20080907vip-lavsphx0907.html |title=Transformation into Big City has Benefits, Burdens |work=[[Arizona Republic]] |first1=Yuri |last1=Artibise |first2=Grady Jr. |last2=Gammage |first3=Nancy |last3=Welch |date=September 7, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref> The freeway system is a mix of Interstate, U.S., and state highways which include [[Interstate 10 in Arizona|Interstate 10]], [[Interstate 17]], [[US 60 in Arizona|US 60]], [[Arizona State Route 101|Loop 101]], [[Arizona State Route 202|Loop 202]], [[Arizona State Route 51|SR 51]], [[Arizona State Route 143|SR 143]], and [[Arizona State Route 303|Loop 303]]. There are still major additions to routes 101, 202 and 303 underway, as well as several other smaller projects around the valley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azdot.gov/projects/phoenix-metro-area |title=Phoenix Metro Area Projects |publisher=ADOT |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> State Routes [[Arizona State Route 87|87]], [[Arizona State Route 85|85]], and [[Arizona State Route 74|74]] connect Phoenix with other areas of the Valley and Arizona.<ref name=Discover>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoverphoenixarizona.com/phoenix-streets-and-freeways.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115072541/http://www.discoverphoenixarizona.com/phoenix-streets-and-freeways.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2014 |title=Phoenix Streets and Freeways |publisher=discoverphoenix.com |access-date=February 13, 2014 }}</ref> The street system in Phoenix (and some of its suburbs) is laid out in a grid system, with most roads oriented either north–south or east–west, and the zero point of the grid being the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street.<ref name=Discover /> The one notable exception to this is the diagonal [[Grand Avenue (Phoenix)|Grand Avenue]], which runs northwest–southeast. The original plan was for the east–west streets to be named after U.S. Presidents, with the north–south streets named after Native Americans; but the north–south streets were quickly changed to numbers, with numbered Avenues running to the west of Central, and numbered Streets to its east.<ref name=Phxgov /> Major arterial streets are spaced {{convert|1|mile|spell=in}} apart, divided into smaller blocks approximately every {{convert|1/8|mi|m}}. For example, Scottsdale Road, being the 7200 block east, lies {{convert|9|mi|km|spell=in}} to the east of Central Avenue (72 / 8).<ref name=Discover /> Freeways and state highways in Phoenix:<ref name=Discover /> {{div col|colwidth=11em}} * {{jct|state=AZ|I|10}} * {{jct|state=AZ|I|17}} * {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|51}} * {{jct|state=AZ|US|60}} * {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|85}} * {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|101}} * {{jct|state=AZ|AZ|143}} * {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|202}} * {{jct|state=AZ|Loop|303}} {{div col end}} ====Cycling==== The [[Maricopa Association of Governments]] has a bicycle advisory committee working to improve conditions for bicycling on city streets and off-road paths.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azmag.gov/Committees/Committee.asp?CMSID=1044 |title=Bicycle and Pedestrian Committee |publisher=Maricopa Association of Governments |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226205403/http://www.azmag.gov/Committees/Committee.asp?CMSID=1044 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref> ===Utilities=== [[File:CAPCanal.2013.jpg|alt=picture of a straight blue ribbon of water, the canal, running through the desert, from a vantage point of one of the mountains surrounding the city.|thumb|Central Arizona Project (CAP) canal]] Being in the desert, Phoenix relies on a water supply delivered to the city via a system of canals which divert water from the region's rivers and lakes, with the largest portion of the city's water coming from the [[Colorado River]] through the [[Central Arizona Project]]'s canal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://water.ezinemark.com/geography-information-phoenix-az-17ffe0fea6c.html |title=Geography Information: Phoenix, AZ |publisher=ezinemark.com |access-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001606/http://water.ezinemark.com/geography-information-phoenix-az-17ffe0fea6c.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city's electrical needs are served primarily by Arizona Public Service, although some customers receive their electricity from the [[Salt River Project]] (SRP). The main sources of electrical generation are nuclear and coal power plants. Arizona is home to the [[Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station]], the largest nuclear-generating facility in the United States. SRP is also the largest water provider in Phoenix.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azenergy.gov/doclib/AZ_Energy_Infrastructure.pdf |title=Arizona's Energy Infrastructure |publisher=azenergy.com |access-date=February 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222055115/http://www.azenergy.gov/doclib/AZ_Energy_Infrastructure.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> ===Health care=== {{Main|List of hospitals in Phoenix|List of hospitals in Arizona}} In 2011 (the last year for which information is available), Phoenix had a slightly younger population than the country as a whole. While the United States had 13.3% of its population over the age of 65, Phoenix's percentage stood significantly lower, at 8.1%. Phoenix's percentage of 18.8% in the next age group, 45–64 was also a great deal lower than the national average of 26.6%. This results in 73% of Phoenix's population being 44 or younger, as compared to the national percentage of 60.<ref name=mphs>{{cite book |title=Health Status Report for Cities and Towns in Maricopa County 2009–2011 |publisher=Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Office of Epidemiology |date=May 2013 |access-date=February 13, 2014 |page=86 |url=http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016043624/http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2013 }}</ref> In 2010 (the last year for nationally reported figures), Phoenix was at or below national levels for most reportable diseases, with the exception of both hepatitis A and B, where they were slightly over the national average (0.8 and 1.8 to 0.5 and 1.1%, respectively).<ref>{{cite book |title=Health Status Report for Cities and Towns in Maricopa County 2009–2011 |publisher=Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Office of Epidemiology |date=May 2013 |access-date=February 13, 2014 |page=87 |url=http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016043624/http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2013 }}</ref> [[File:MaricopaMedicalCenter.140417.jpg|thumb|left|Maricopa Medical Center]] In most major categories, Phoenix had a lower incidence of death than the rest of the nation. Only deaths due to Alzheimer's (29.7 to 27.2 deaths per 100,000) and pre-natal conditions (5.3 to 3.8 deaths per 100,000) were slightly above the national average. Deaths due to HIV and liver disease were exactly at the national average of 2.5 and 10.8 respectively. However, in several major categories, Phoenix had significantly lower indices of death: deaths by cancer stood at only 57% (106) of the national average of 184.6 deaths per 100,000; deaths due to heart disease, 56.1% of the national rate of 249.8 per 100,000.<ref>{{cite book |title=Health Status Report for Cities and Towns in Maricopa County 2009–2011 |publisher=Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Office of Epidemiology |date=May 2013 |access-date=February 13, 2014 |page=88 |url=http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016043624/http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/hsr/2011-City-HSR.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2013 }}</ref> Cancer and heart disease were the two top causes of death in the country.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |volume=61 |issue=4 |date=May 8, 2013 |first1=Sherry L. |last1=Murphy B.S. |first2=Jiaquan |last2=Xu, M.D. |first3=Kenneth D. |last3=Kochanek, M.A. |publisher=CDC, Division of Vital Statistics |page=7 |title=Deaths: Final Data for 2010 |pmid=24979972 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612204715/http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Low-weight births (7.5%) were below the national average of 8.1%, yet infant mortality (7.2[[Per mille|‰]] [per thousand]) was higher than the rest of the U.S. (6.1‰). Births to teen mothers were significantly higher than the rest of the country, sitting at 12.2% as compared to 8.4% nationally.<ref name=mphs /> The Phoenix metropolitan area is serviced by 56 hospitals and medical centers.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/phoenix-az |title=Best Hospitals in Phoenix, Ariz. |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> The [[Mayo Clinic]], a not-for-profit medical practice and medical research group based in Rochester, Minnesota. Phoenix is one of two other locations with Mayo Clinic campuses (the other being [[Jacksonville, Florida]]).<ref name="mayoinfo">{{cite web |url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic |title=About Mayo Clinic |publisher=Mayo Clinic |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> It is the first and largest integrated not-for-profit medical group practice in the world; Mayo Clinic has been near or at the top of the U.S. News & World Report List of "Best Hospitals" for more than 20 years.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://health.usnews.com/health/best-hospitals |title=Top American Hospitals – US News Best Hospitals |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=September 4, 2010}}</ref> [[St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center]] is part of [[Dignity Health]] (formerly Catholic Healthcare West), one of the largest healthcare systems in the western United States. St. Joseph's is a not-for-profit hospital with special advocacy for the poor and underserved. John C. Lincoln North Mountain Hospital is a general medical and surgical hospital, which performed nearly at the level of nationally ranked U.S. News Best Hospitals in four adult specialties.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/az/john-c-lincoln-north-mountain-hospital-6860253 |title=John C. Lincoln North Mountain Hospital |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> The [[Phoenix Children's Hospital]] is nationally ranked in five pediatric specialties according to U.S. News & World Report. It is a 425-bed children's teaching hospital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/az/phoenix-childrens-hospital-6860210 |title=Phoenix Children's Hospital |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Arizona Heart Institute]], opened in 1971, is known internationally as one of the first freestanding outpatient clinics dedicated exclusively to cardiovascular health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azheart.com/?id=12&sid=2 |title=Arizona Heart Institute – To Care. To Teach. To Pioneer. |publisher=azheart.com |access-date=February 13, 2014 |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221230141/http://www.azheart.com/?id=12&sid=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Banner Health]] is a non-profit health system in the United States, based in Phoenix. It operates 23 hospitals as well as specialized facilities. The health system is the second largest employer in Arizona, behind [[Walmart]], employing more than 35,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bannerhealth.com/About+Us/Banner+At+A+Glance.htm |title=Banner Health at a Glance |publisher=Banner Health |access-date=April 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213115425/http://www.bannerhealth.com/About+Us/Banner+At+A+Glance.htm |archive-date=February 13, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Banner Health was created in 1999 through a merger of Lutheran Health Systems, based in North Dakota, and Samaritan Health System, based in Phoenix. Of the top ten rated hospitals in the city (top 12 in the state), four are Banner hospitals.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/phoenix-az |title=Best Hospitals in Phoenix, Ariz. |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) at [[St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center]] is the world's largest dedicated neurosurgical center and a leader in neurosurgical training, research, and patient care.<ref name="lochhead">Lochhead RA, Abla AA, Mitha AP, Fusco D, Almefty K, Sanai N, Oppenlander ME, Albuquerque FC. A history of the Barrow Neurological Institute. World Neurosurg. 2010 Jul;74(1):71–80</ref> More operative neurosurgical procedures take place at BNI than at any other institution in the United States.<ref name="lochhead" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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