Ku Klux Klan

====1970s–present====
[[File:Kkk-march-violence.jpg|thumb|Violence at a Klan march in [[Mobile, Alabama]], 1977]]
After federal legislation was passed prohibiting legal segregation and authorizing enforcement of protection of voting rights, KKK groups began to oppose court-ordered [[desegregation busing|busing to desegregate schools]], [[affirmative action]], and the more open [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] authorized in the 1960s. In 1971, KKK members used bombs to destroy 10 school buses in [[Pontiac, Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Times |first=William K. Stevens Special to The New York |date=1973-05-22 |title=5 Ex-Klansmen Convicted in School Bus Bomb Plot |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/22/archives/5-exklansmen-convicted-in-school-bus-bomb-plot.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162447/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/22/archives/5-exklansmen-convicted-in-school-bus-bomb-plot.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Illini 10 September 1971 — Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections |url=https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=DIL19710910.2.14&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=idnc.library.illinois.edu |archive-date=July 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161827/https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=DIL19710910.2.14&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN---------- |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1975, there were known KKK groups on most college campuses in Louisiana as well as at [[Vanderbilt University]], the [[University of Georgia]], the [[University of Mississippi]], the [[University of Akron]], and the [[University of Southern California]].<ref name="imperialwizardofkkk">{{cite news |title='Ladies' Become Vocal in Ku Klux Klan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/22745082/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22ku%2Bklux%2Bklan%22 |newspaper=The Post-Crescent |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |date=May 23, 1975 |page=9 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307035011/https://www.newspapers.com/image/22745082/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22ku%2Bklux%2Bklan%22 |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |url-status=live  }} {{Open access}}</ref>

=====Massacre of Communist Workers' Party protesters=====
On November 3, 1979, five communist protesters were killed by KKK and [[American Nazi Party]] members in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], in what is known as the [[Greensboro massacre]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2004/11/18/remembering_the_1979_greensboro_massacre_25 |title=Remembering the 1979 Greensboro Massacre: 25 Years Later Survivors Form Country's First Truth and Reconciliation Commission |work=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=November 18, 2004 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806031642/http://www.democracynow.org/2004/11/18/remembering_the_1979_greensboro_massacre_25 |archive-date=August 6, 2009 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The [[Communist Workers' Party (United States)|Communist Workers' Party]] had sponsored a rally against the Klan in an effort to organize predominantly Black industrial workers in the area.<ref name="wayback">Mark Hand (November 18, 2004). [http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/hand11182004/ "The Greensboro Massacre"]. Press Action. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006171314/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/hand11182004/ |date=October 6, 2008 }}</ref> Klan members drove up with arms in their car trunks, and attacked marchers.

=====Jerry Thompson infiltration=====
Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter who infiltrated the KKK in 1979, reported that the FBI's [[COINTELPRO]] efforts were highly successful. Rival KKK factions accused each other's leaders of being [[FBI informant]]s. William Wilkinson of the Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was revealed to have been working for the FBI.{{sfn|Thompson|1982}}

Thompson also related that KKK leaders showed great concern about a series of civil lawsuits filed by the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], claiming damages amounting to millions of dollars. These were filed after KKK members shot into a group of African Americans.<!-- which event is this? --> Klansmen curtailed their activities in order to conserve money for defense against the lawsuits. The KKK also used lawsuits as tools; they filed a libel suit in order to prevent the publication of a paperback edition of Thompson's book but were unsuccessful.

=====Chattanooga shooting=====
In 1980, three KKK members shot four elderly Black women (Viola Ellison, Lela Evans, Opal Jackson, and Katherine Johnson) in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]], following a KKK initiation rally. A fifth woman, Fannie Crumsey, was injured by flying glass in the incident. Attempted murder charges were filed against the three KKK members, two of whom—Bill Church and Larry Payne—were acquitted by an [[all-white jury]]. The third defendant, Marshall Thrash, was sentenced by the same jury to nine months on lesser charges. He was released after three months.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r59bGyH4lOAC&q=1980+chattanooga+kkk+shootings&pg=PA22 |title=The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!" |author=Betty A. Dobratz & Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile |publisher=JHU Press |date=2000|access-date=February 20, 2011|isbn=978-0801865374}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/news/john-roberts/accession-60-89-0173/039-civil-rights-division-anti-klan/folder039.pdf |title=Women's Appeal for Justice in Chattanooga&nbsp;– US Department of Justice |access-date=February 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522025207/http://www.archives.gov/news/john-roberts/accession-60-89-0173/039-civil-rights-division-anti-klan/folder039.pdf |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19800422&id=5SMNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6077,4796456 |work=The Victoria Advocate |title=Bonds for Klan Upheld |via=Google News |date=April 22, 1980 |access-date=February 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919034508/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19800422&id=5SMNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QmsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6077,4796456 |archive-date=September 19, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1982, a jury awarded the five women $535,000 in a civil trial.<ref>{{cite news |author=UPI |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/28/us/around-the-nation-jury-award-to-5-blacks-hailed-as-blow-to-klan.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FB%2FBlack%20Culture%20and%20 |work=The New York Times |title=History Around the Nation; Jury Award to 5 Blacks Hailed as Blow to Klan |location=Chattanooga, TN |date=February 28, 1982 |access-date=February 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512151509/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/28/us/around-the-nation-jury-award-to-5-blacks-hailed-as-blow-to-klan.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FB%2FBlack%20Culture%20and%20 |archive-date=May 12, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=====Michael Donald lynching=====
After [[Lynching of Michael Donald|Michael Donald was lynched]] in 1981 in [[Alabama]], the FBI investigated his death. The US attorney prosecuted the case. Two local KKK members were convicted for his murder, including Henry Francis Hays who was sentenced to death. After exhausting the appeals process, Hays was executed by [[electric chair]] for Donald's death in Alabama on June 6, 1997.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Klansman sheds tears for victim before execution |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/564664/Ex-Klansman-sheds-tears-for-victim-before-execution.html?pg=all|access-date=June 15, 2016|work=Deseret News|date=June 6, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804211903/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/564664/Ex-Klansman-sheds-tears-for-victim-before-execution.html?pg=all|archive-date=August 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the first time since 1913 that a white man had been executed in Alabama for a crime against an African American.<ref name="age" />

With the support of attorneys [[Morris Dees]] of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] (SPLC) and state senator [[Michael A. Figures]], Donald's mother [[Beulah Mae Donald]] sued the KKK in civil court in Alabama. Her lawsuit against the [[United Klans of America]] was tried in February 1987.<ref name="jesse" /> The all-white jury found the Klan responsible for the lynching of Donald, and ordered the Klan to pay US$7&nbsp;million, but the KKK did not have sufficient funds to pay the fine. They had to sell off their national headquarters building in [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama|Tuscaloosa]].<ref name="jesse">{{cite news |last=Kornbluth |first=Jesse |title=The Woman Who Beat The Klan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/01/magazine/the-woman-who-beat-the-klan.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=November 1, 1987 |access-date=June 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808010100/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/01/magazine/the-woman-who-beat-the-klan.html?pagewanted=all |archive-date=August 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name=age>{{cite news|title=Klan Member Put to Death In Race Death|date=June 6, 1997|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/06/us/klan-member-put-to-death-in-race-death.html|access-date=August 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015053956/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/06/us/klan-member-put-to-death-in-race-death.html|archive-date=October 15, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=====Neo-Nazi alliances and Stormfront=====
{{main|Stormfront (website)}}
In 1995, [[Don Black (white supremacist)|Don Black]] and Chloê Hardin, the ex-wife of the KKK grand wizard [[David Duke]], began a small [[bulletin board system]] (BBS) called [[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]], which has become a prominent online forum for [[white nationalism]], [[Neo-Nazism]], [[hate speech]], [[racism]], and [[antisemitism]] in the early 21st century.<ref>"[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/12/5/143556/393 RedState, White Supremacy, and Responsibility]" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427010459/http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/12/5/143556/393 |date=April 27, 2016}}, ''[[Daily Kos]]'', December 5, 2005.</ref><ref name="FOX">[[Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]], "[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,86338,00.html Circling the Wagons in Georgia]" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203422/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,86338,00.html |date=June 4, 2011}}, ''[[Fox News]]'', May 8, 2003.</ref><ref>"[http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2001/dtv2001-0023.html WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center: Case No. DTV2001-0023]" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326190909/http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2001/dtv2001-0023.html |date=March 26, 2017}}, [[World Intellectual Property Organization]], January 13, 2002.</ref>

In a 2007 article by the ADL, it was reported that many KKK groups had formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups, such as [[neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]]. Some KKK groups have become increasingly "nazified", adopting the look and emblems of [[white power skinhead]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/affiliations.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=4&item=kkk |title=Ku Klux Klan&nbsp;– Affiliations&nbsp;– Extremism in America |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |access-date=July 28, 2010  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729144311/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/affiliations.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=4&item=kkk |archive-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration fuels Klan surge {{!}} Facing South |url=https://www.facingsouth.org/2007/02/immigration-fuels-klan-surge.html |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=www.facingsouth.org |archive-date=July 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704213942/https://www.facingsouth.org/2007/02/immigration-fuels-klan-surge.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-02-06 |title=Report: Supremacist activity flourishes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16995297 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=July 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704214622/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16995297 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=====Current developments=====
The modern KKK is not one organization; rather, it is composed of small independent chapters across the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp |title=About the Ku Klux Klan&nbsp;– Extremism in America |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122657/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp |archive-date=July 25, 2010 }}</ref> According to a 1999 ADL report, the KKK's estimated size then was "No more than a few thousand, organized into slightly more than 100 units".<ref name=adl-ak-kkk>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk.asp |title=Church of the American Knights of the KKK |access-date=July 28, 2010 |date=October 22, 1999 |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901094652/http://www.adl.org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk.asp |archive-date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> In 2017, the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] (SPLC), which monitors extremist groups, estimated that there were "at least 29 separate, rival Klan groups currently active in the United States, and they compete with one another for members, dues, news media attention and the title of being the true heir to the Ku Klux Klan".<ref name="Stack">{{cite news |first=Liam |last=Stack |date=February 13, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/us/kkk-leader-death-frank-ancona.html |title=Leader of a Ku Klux Klan Group Is Found Dead in Missouri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215102320/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/us/kkk-leader-death-frank-ancona.html |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> The formation of independent chapters has made KKK groups more difficult to infiltrate, and researchers find it hard to estimate their numbers. Analysts believe that about two-thirds of KKK members are concentrated in the [[Southern United States]], with another third situated primarily in the lower [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref name=adl-ak-kkk /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/hate.jsp |title=Active U.S. Hate Groups |website=Intelligence Report |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406181750/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/hate.jsp |archive-date=April 6, 2005 }}</ref><ref name=adl-kkk>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp |title=About the Ku Klux Klan&nbsp;– Extremism in America |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |access-date=July 28, 2010  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122657/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/default.asp |archive-date=July 25, 2010 }}</ref>

For some time, the Klan's numbers have been steadily dropping. This decline has been attributed to the Klan's lack of competence in the use of the [[Internet]], their history of violence, a proliferation of competing [[hate group]]s, and a decline in the number of young [[racism|racist]] activists who are willing to join groups at all.<ref name="Slate 2012">{{cite news|last=Palmer|first=Brian|title=Ku Klux Kontraction: How did the KKK lose nearly one-third of its chapters in one year?|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/03/ku_klux_klan_in_decline_why_did_the_kkk_lose_so_many_chapters_in_2010_.html|access-date=March 25, 2012|newspaper=[[Slate Magazine]]|date=March 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325030239/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/03/ku_klux_klan_in_decline_why_did_the_kkk_lose_so_many_chapters_in_2010_.html|archive-date=March 25, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, the number of KKK chapters nationwide grew from 72 to 190. The SPLC released a similar report stating that "there were significant increases in Klan as well as [[Black separatist]] groups".<ref name="splc2016" />

A 2016 analysis by the SPLC found that hate groups in general were on the rise in the United States.<ref name="splc2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2016/year-hate-and-extremism|title=The Year in Hate and Extremism|publisher=Southern Poverty Law|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402041946/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2016/year-hate-and-extremism|archive-date=April 2, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The ADL published a report in 2016 that concluded: "Despite a persistent ability to attract media attention, organized Ku Klux Klan groups are actually continuing a long-term trend of decline. They remain a collection of mostly small, disjointed groups that continually change in name and leadership."<ref name="TatteredRobes" />

Recent KKK membership campaigns have stimulated people's anxieties about [[illegal immigration]], urban crime, [[civil union]]s, and [[same-sex marriage]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Knickerbocker |first=Brad |title=Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Fuel Ku Klux Klan Resurgence |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0209/p02s02-ussc.html |url-status=live |website=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=February 9, 2007 |access-date=April 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327201821/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0209/p02s02-ussc.html |archive-date=March 27, 2008}}</ref> In 2006, J. Keith Akins argued that "Klan literature and propaganda is rabidly [[homophobic]] and encourages violence against [[gays]] and [[lesbians]].&nbsp;...Since the late 1970s, the Klan has increasingly focused its ire on this previously ignored population."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akins |first1=J. Keith |title=The Ku Klux Klan: America's Forgotten Terrorists |journal=Law Enforcement Executive Forum |issue=January 2006 |page=137 |url=https://iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF%202006-5.7.pdf#page=144 |access-date=November 30, 2020 |publisher=Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001232934/https://www.iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF%202006-5.7.pdf#page=144 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Klan has produced [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] propaganda and distributed anti-Islamic flyers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rink|first=Matthew|date=September 25, 2020|title=KKK-supportive notes dropped in Erie County driveways|work=[[Erie Times-News]]|url=https://www.goerie.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/09/25/kkk-supportive-notes-dropped-in-erie-county-driveways/42691653/|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302191520/https://www.goerie.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/09/25/kkk-supportive-notes-dropped-in-erie-county-driveways/42691653/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) has provided legal support to various factions of the KKK in defense of their [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] rights to hold public rallies, parades, and marches, as well as their right to field political candidates.<ref>{{cite news|title=A.C.L.U. Lawsuit Backs Klan In Seeking Permit for Cross |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 16, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/16/us/aclu-lawsuit-backs-klan-in-seeking-permit-for-cross.html  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006202846/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/16/us/aclu-lawsuit-backs-klan-in-seeking-permit-for-cross.html |archive-date=October 6, 2010}} The [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]] professes a mission to defend the constitutional rights of all groups, whether [[left-wing politics|left]], [[centrism|center]], or right.</ref>
{{anchor|Frank Ancona}}

The February 14, 2019, edition of the [[Linden, Alabama]], weekly newspaper ''[[The Democrat-Reporter]]'' carried an editorial titled "Klan needs to ride again" written by [[Goodloe Sutton]]—the newspaper's owner, publisher and editor—which urged the Klan to return to staging their night rides, because proposals were being made to raise taxes in the state. In an interview, Sutton suggested that Washington, D.C., could be "clean[ed] out" by way of lynchings. "We'll get the hemp ropes out, loop them over a tall limb and hang all of them," Sutton said. He also specified that he was only referring to hanging "socialist-communists" and compared the Klan to the [[NAACP]]. The editorial and Sutton's subsequent comments provoked calls for his resignation from Alabama politicians and the Alabama Press Association, which later censured Sutton and suspended the newspaper's membership. In addition, the [[University of Southern Mississippi]]'s School of Communication removed Sutton—who is an alumnus of that school—from its Mass Communication and Journalism Hall of Fame, and "strongly condemned" his remarks. Sutton was also stripped of a distinguished community journalism award he had been presented in 2009 by [[Auburn University]]'s Journalism Advisory Council.<ref>Criss, Doug and Burnside, Tina (February 20, 2019). "[https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/media/alabama-newspaper-klan-trnd/index.html The editor of an Alabama newspaper is calling for the return of the Ku Klux Klan's infamous night rides]" ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222070832/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/media/alabama-newspaper-klan-trnd/index.html |date=February 22, 2019}}). [[CNN]].</ref> Sutton expressed no regret and said that the editorial was intended to be "ironic", but that "not many people understand irony today."<ref>Gore, Leada (February 21, 2019). "[https://www.al.com/news/2019/02/goodloe-sutton-writer-of-kkk-editorial-not-sorry-says-hed-do-it-all-over-again.html Goodloe Sutton, writer of KKK editorial, not sorry, says he'd 'do it all over again']" ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222053000/https://www.al.com/news/2019/02/goodloe-sutton-writer-of-kkk-editorial-not-sorry-says-hed-do-it-all-over-again.html |date=February 22, 2019}}). [[AL.com]].</ref>

=====Current Klan organizations=====
A list is maintained by the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL):<ref name=ADLKKKlist>{{cite web
 |title       = Ku Klux Klan&nbsp;– Extremism in America&nbsp;– Active Groups (by state)
 |website        = adl.org
 |publisher   = [[Anti-Defamation League]]
 |access-date  = March 15, 2011
|year        = 2011
 |url         = http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/active_group_2006.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=4&item=kkk
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110212042824/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/active_group_2006.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=4&item=kkk
 |archive-date = February 12, 2011
}}</ref>
* Bayou Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, prevalent in [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and other areas of the Southern U.S.
* Church of the American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan<ref name=adl-ak-kkk />
* [[Imperial Klans of America]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27665247 | title=No. 2 Klan group on trial in Ky. teen's beating | agency=Associated Press | date=November 11, 2008 | access-date=November 22, 2008 | df=mdy-all | archive-date=October 4, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232318/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27665247/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Knights of the White Camelia#Legacy|Knights of the White Camelia]]<ref>{{cite web
 |title=White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan&nbsp;– Home page
 |website=wckkkk.org
 |publisher=White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
 |access-date=March 15, 2011
|year=2011
 |url=http://www.wckkkk.org/
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208125116/http://www.wckkkk.org/
 |archive-date=February 8, 2011
}}</ref>
* Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, headed by national director and self-claimed pastor [[Thomas Robb (Ku Klux Klan)|Thomas Robb]], and based in [[Harrison, Arkansas|Harrison]] and [[Zinc, Arkansas|Zinc]], [[Arkansas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/Klan-vs-Rhino-Times.htm |title=Arkansas Klan Group Loses Legal Battle with North Carolina Newspaper |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |date=July 9, 2009 |access-date=August 15, 2008  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412051638/http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/Klan-vs-Rhino-Times.htm |archive-date=April 12, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kkk.bz/frequently-asked-questions/ |title=FAQ{{mdash}}The Knights Party |website=The Knights Party | language=en-US |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190923170746/https://kkk.bz/frequently-asked-questions/ |archive-date=September 23, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> It claims to be the largest Klan organization in America today.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/knights-ku-klux-klan|title=Knights of the Ku Klux Klan |work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=September 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070104/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/knights-ku-klux-klan |archive-date=October 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]], a North Carolina-based group headed by Will Quigg,<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Tait |title=The KKK leader who says he backs Hillary Clinton |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/12192975/The-KKK-leader-who-says-he-backs-Hillary-Clinton.html |date=March 14, 2016 |access-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314215153/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/12192975/The-KKK-leader-who-says-he-backs-Hillary-Clinton.html |archive-date=March 14, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> is currently thought to be the largest KKK chapter.<ref>{{cite news |first=Max |last=Blau |title='Still a racist nation': American bigotry on full display at KKK rally in South Carolina |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/19/kkk-clashes-south-carolina-racism |date=July 19, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317204601/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/19/kkk-clashes-south-carolina-racism |archive-date=March 17, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]]