Force Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Strong nuclear === {{main|Strong interaction}} There are two "nuclear forces", which today are usually described as interactions that take place in quantum theories of particle physics. The [[strong nuclear force]] is the force responsible for the structural integrity of [[atomic nuclei]], and gains its name from its ability to overpower the electromagnetic repulsion between protons.<ref name=Cutnell/>{{rp|940}}<ref>{{cite OED|strong, 7.g ''physics'' |1058721983}}</ref> The strong force is today understood to represent the [[Fundamental interaction|interaction]]s between [[quark]]s and [[gluon]]s as detailed by the theory of [[quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD).<ref>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=Tab |title=Quantum-Chromodynamics: A Definition β Science Articles |date=10 July 2003 |url=http://www.physicspost.com/science-article-168.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016103116/http://www.physicspost.com/science-article-168.html |archive-date=2011-10-16 |access-date=2008-01-04}}</ref> The strong force is the [[fundamental force]] mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, [[antiparticle|antiquarks]], and the gluons themselves. The strong force only acts ''directly'' upon elementary particles. A residual is observed between [[hadron]]s (notably, the [[nucleon]]s in atomic nuclei), known as the [[nuclear force]]. Here the strong force acts indirectly, transmitted as gluons that form part of the virtual pi and rho [[meson]]s, the classical transmitters of the nuclear force. The failure of many searches for [[free quark]]s has shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable. This phenomenon is called [[color confinement]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Dave |title=The Standard Model in a Nutshell |date=2017 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16759-6}}</ref>{{Rp|page=232}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page