Advaita Vedanta

===''Prasthanatrayi''===
The ''Vedānta'' tradition provides exegeses of the ''[[Upanishads]]'', the ''[[Brahma Sutras]]'', and the ''[[Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavadgita]]'', collectively called the ''[[Prasthanatrayi]]'', literally, ''three sources''.{{sfn|Grimes|1990|pp=6–7}}{{sfn|Koller|2013|pp=100–101}}{{sfn|Isaeva|1993|p=35}}
# The ''[[Upanishads]]'',{{refn|group=note|Many in number, the ''Upanishads'' developed in different schools at various times and places, some in the Vedic period and others in the medieval or modern era (the names of up to 112 ''Upanishads'' have been recorded).{{sfn|Dasgupta|1955|p=28}} All major commentators have considered the twelve to thirteen oldest of these texts as the principal ''Upanishads'' and as the foundation of Vedanta.}} or ''Śruti prasthāna''; considered the ''[[Sruti|{{IAST|Śruti}}]]'' (Vedic scriptures) foundation of ''Vedānta''.{{refn|group=note|The Śruti includes the four Vedas including its four layers of embedded texts&nbsp;– the ''Samhitas'', the ''Brahmanas'', the ''Aranyakas'', and the early ''Upanishads''.<ref>Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty (1988), ''Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism'', Manchester University Press, {{ISBN|0-7190-1867-6}}, pp. 2–3</ref>}}{{sfn|Klostermaier|2007|p=26}}{{sfn|Coburn|1984|p=439}}{{sfn|Deutsch|2000|p=245–248}} Most scholars, states [[Eliot Deutsch]], are convinced that the Śruti in general, and the Upanishads in particular, express "a very rich diversity" of ideas, with the early ''Upanishads'' such as ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]'' and ''[[Chandogya Upanishad]]'' being more readily amenable to ''Advaita Vedānta'' school's interpretation than the middle or later ''Upanishads''.{{sfn|Deutsch|1988|pp=4–6 with footnote 4}}{{sfn|Sharma|2007|pp=18–19}} In addition to the oldest ''Upanishads'', states Williams, the ''Sannyasa Upanishads'' group composed in pre-''Shankara'' times "express a decidedly ''Advaita'' outlook".<ref>Stephen Phillips (1998), ''Classical Indian Metaphysics'', Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814899}}, p. 332 note 68</ref>
# The ''[[Brahma Sutras]]'', or ''Nyaya prasthana'' / ''Yukti prasthana''; considered the reason-based foundation of ''Vedānta''. The ''Brahma Sutras'' attempted to synthesize the teachings of the ''Upanishads''. The diversity in the teachings of the ''Upanishads'' necessitated the systematization of these teachings. The only extant version of this synthesis is the ''Brahma Sutras'' of ''[[Badarayana]]''. Like the ''Upanishads'', ''Brahma Sutras'' is also an aphoristic text, and can be interpreted as a non-theistic ''Advaita Vedānta'' text or as a theistic ''Dvaita Vedānta'' text. This has led, states Stephen Phillips, to its varying interpretations by scholars of various sub-schools of ''Vedānta''.<ref>Stephen Phillips (1998), ''Classical Indian Metaphysics'', Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814899}}, p. 332 note 69</ref> The ''Brahmasutra'' is considered by the Advaita school as the ''Nyaya Prasthana'' (canonical base for reasoning).{{sfn|Isaeva|1993|pp=35–36}}
# The ''[[Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavad Gitā]]'', or ''Smriti prasthāna''; considered the ''[[Smriti]]'' (remembered tradition) foundation of ''Vedānta''.{{sfn|Isaeva|1993|pp=35–36}} It has been widely studied by ''Advaita'' scholars, including a commentary by ''Adi Shankara''.{{sfn|Rambachan|1991|pp=xii–xiii}}{{sfn|Isaeva|1993|pp=35–36, 77, 210–212}}
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