Tax

===Trends===
Numerous records of government tax collection in Europe since at least the 17th century are still available today. But taxation levels are hard to compare to the size and flow of the economy since [[gross domestic product|production]] numbers are not as readily available. Government expenditures and revenue in France during the 17th century went from about 24.30 million ''[[livres]]'' in 1600–10 to about 126.86 million ''livres'' in 1650–59 to about 117.99 million ''livres'' in 1700–10 when [[government debt]] had reached 1.6 billion ''livres''. In 1780–89, it reached 421.50 million ''livres''.<ref>Hoffman, Phillipe and Kathryn Norberg (1994), ''Fiscal Crises, Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450–1789'', p. 238.</ref> Taxation as a percentage of production of final goods may have reached 15–20% during the 17th century in places such as [[France]], the [[Netherlands]], and [[Scandinavia]]. During the war-filled years of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, tax rates in Europe increased dramatically as war became more expensive and governments became more centralized and adept at gathering taxes. This increase was greatest in England, [[Peter Mathias]] and Patrick O'Brien found that the tax burden increased by 85% over this period. Another study confirmed this number, finding that per capita tax revenues had grown almost sixfold over the eighteenth century, but that steady economic growth had made the real burden on each individual only double over this period before the industrial revolution. [[Effective tax rate]]s were higher in Britain than France in the years before the [[French Revolution]], twice in per capita income comparison, but they were mostly placed on international trade. In France, taxes were lower but the burden was mainly on landowners, individuals, and internal trade and thus created far more resentment.<ref>Hoffman, Phillipe and Kathryn Norberg (1994), ''Fiscal Crises, Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450–1789'', p. 300 .</ref>

Taxation as a percentage of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] 2016 was 45.9% in [[Denmark]], 45.3% in France, 33.2% in the [[United Kingdom]], 26% in the [[United States]], and among all [[OECD]] members an average of 34.3%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-2522770x.htm|title=Revenue Statistics 2020 &#124; en &#124; OECD|website=www.oecd.org}}</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/global/2004/0524/074chart2.html Tax/Spending Burden], Forbes magazine, ''05-24-04''</ref>