Six-Day War

== Aftermath ==
[[File:Six Day War Territories 2.png|thumb|Israel and the territories Israel occupied in the Six day war]]
The political importance of the 1967 War was immense. Israel demonstrated again that it was able and willing to initiate strategic strikes that could change the regional balance. Egypt and Syria learned tactical lessons and would [[Yom Kippur War|launch an attack in 1973]] in an attempt to reclaim their lost territories.{{Sfnp|Brams|Togman|1998|p=243}}{{Sfnp|Youngs|2001|p=12}}

After following other Arab nations in declaring war, [[Mauritania]] remained in a [[Mauritania-Israel war of 1967|declared state of war]] with Israel until about 1999.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/features/inbedwithphillip/episodes/151-amos-oz/ "War and its Legacy: Amos Oz"], ''In Bed with Phillip''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802023927/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/features/inbedwithphillip/episodes/151-amos-oz/ |date=2 August 2015}}. 10 September 1991, re-broadcast on [[ABC Radio National]] 23 December 2011.</ref> The United States imposed an embargo on new arms agreements to all Middle East countries, including Israel. The embargo remained in force until the end of 1967, despite urgent Israeli requests to lift it.<ref name="Quandt2001p43" />

===Exodus of Arabs from Israeli-occupied territories===
{{Main|1967 Palestinian exodus}}
There was extensive displacement of populations in the occupied territories: of about one million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, {{gaps|280|000}} to {{gaps|325|000}} were displaced from their homes.{{Sfnp|Bowker|2003|p=81}} Most of them settled in Jordan,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3629923.stm |title=Right of return: Palestinian dream |work=BBC News |date=15 April 2004 |access-date=25 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512172604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3629923.stm |archive-date=12 May 2011 |url-status=live }}.</ref> where they contributed to the growing unrest.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The other {{gaps|700|000}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/www.thejerusalemfund.org/carryover/stats/dist_pop_67.html |title=Distribution of the Palestinian Population And Jewish Settlers in the West Bank and Gaza Since 1967 |access-date=17 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514174927/http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/www.thejerusalemfund.org/carryover/stats/dist_pop_67.html |archive-date=14 May 2010 }}</ref> remained. In the Golan Heights, over {{gaps|100|000}} fled.<ref name=McDowall_p64/> Israel allowed only the inhabitants of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights to receive full Israeli citizenship, applying its law, administration and jurisdiction to these territories in 1967 and 1981, respectively. The vast majority of the populations in both territories declined to take citizenship. See also [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] and [[Golan Heights]].

In his book ''Righteous Victims'' (1999), Israeli "[[New Historian]]" [[Benny Morris]] writes:

{{Quote|In three villages southwest of Jerusalem and at Qalqilya, houses were destroyed "not in battle, but as punishment ... and in order to chase away the inhabitants ... contrary to government ... policy," Dayan wrote in his memoirs. In Qalqilya, about a third of the homes were razed and about {{gaps|12|000}} inhabitants were evicted, though many then camped out in the environs. The evictees in both areas were allowed to stay and later were given cement and tools by the Israeli authorities to rebuild at least some of their dwellings.

But many thousands of other Palestinians now took to the roads. Perhaps as many as seventy thousand, mostly from the Jericho area, fled during the fighting; tens of thousands more left over the following months. Altogether, about one-quarter of the population of the West Bank, about 200–{{gaps|250|000}} people, went into exile. ... They simply walked to the Jordan River crossings and made their way on foot to the East Bank. It is unclear how many were intimidated or forced out by the Israeli troops and how many left voluntarily, in panic and fear. There is some evidence of IDF soldiers going around with loudspeakers ordering West Bankers to leave their homes and cross the Jordan. Some left because they had relatives or sources of livelihood on the East Bank and feared being permanently cut off.

Thousands of Arabs were taken by bus from East Jerusalem to the [[Allenby Bridge]], though there is no evidence of coercion. The free Israeli-organized transportation, which began on June 11, 1967, went on for about a month. At the bridge, they had to sign a document stating that they were leaving of their own free will. Perhaps as many as {{gaps|70|000}} people emigrated from the Gaza Strip to Egypt and elsewhere in the Arab world.

On July 2, the Israeli government announced that it would allow the return of those 1967 refugees who desired to do so, but no later than August 10, later extended to September 13. The Jordanian authorities probably pressured many of the refugees, who constituted an enormous burden, to sign up to return. In practice only {{gaps|14|000}} of the {{gaps|120|000}} who applied were allowed by Israel back into the West Bank by the beginning of September. After that, only a trickle of "special cases" were allowed back, perhaps 3000 in all. (328–29)}}

In addition, between {{gaps|80|000}} and {{gaps|110|000}} Syrians fled the Golan Heights,{{Sfnp|Morris|2001|p=327}} of which about {{gaps|20|000}} were from the city of Quneitra.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Al-Qunayṭirah |year=2010 |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487614/al-Qunaytirah |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927074414/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487614/al-Qunaytirah |archive-date=27 September 2010 |url-status=live |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online}}</ref> According to more recent research by the Israeli daily ''[[Haaretz]]'', a total of {{gaps|130|000}} Syrian inhabitants fled or were expelled from the territory, most of them pushed out by the Israeli army.<ref>Shay Fogelman, [http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-disinherited-1.304959 "The disinherited"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919203211/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-disinherited-1.304959 |date=19 September 2010 }}, ''Haaretz'', 30 July 2010</ref>

=== Israel and Zionism ===
Following the war, Israel experienced a wave of national euphoria, and the press praised the military's performance for weeks afterwards. New "victory coins" were minted to celebrate. In addition, the world's interest in Israel grew, and the country's economy, which had been in crisis before the war, flourished due to an influx of tourists and donations, as well as the extraction of oil from the Sinai's wells.{{Sfnp|Oren|2002|p=309}} The aftermath of the war also saw a [[baby boom]], which lasted for four years.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/hmo-data-show-lebanon-war-triggered-baby-boom-in-israel-1.214803 |title=HMO Data Show Lebanon War Triggered Baby Boom in Israel |agency=Reuters |date=6 March 2007 |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030646/https://www.haaretz.com/news/hmo-data-show-lebanon-war-triggered-baby-boom-in-israel-1.214803 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The aftermath of the war is also of religious significance. Under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]], Jews were expelled from Jerusalem and were effectively barred from visiting the [[Western Wall]], despite Article VIII of the [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Jordan|1949 Armistice Agreement]] which required making arrangements for Israeli Jewish access to the Western Wall.{{Sfnp|Tessler|1994|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofisraeli00tess_0/page/326 326]}} Jewish holy sites were not maintained, and Jewish cemeteries had been desecrated. After the annexation to Israel, each religious group was granted administration over its holy sites. For the first time since 1948, Jews could visit the Old City of Jerusalem and pray at the Western Wall, the holiest site where Jews are permitted to pray, an event celebrated every year during [[Yom Yerushalayim]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aikman |first=David |title=Great Souls: Six Who Changed a Century |publisher=Lexington Books |year=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatsouls00davi/page/349 349] |isbn=978-0-7391-0438-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/greatsouls00davi/page/349}}</ref>

Despite the [[Temple Mount]] where the [[Al-Aqsa]] compound is located being the most important holy site in Jewish tradition, it has been under sole administration of the Jordanian Muslim [[Waqf]], and Jews are barred from praying there, although they are allowed to visit.<ref>[http://jcpa.org/article/status-quo-on-temple-mount/ The "Status Quo" on the Temple Mount] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114150044/http://jcpa.org/article/status-quo-on-temple-mount/ |date=14 November 2014}} November–December 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-in-the-unholy-grip-of-religious-fervor/ Jerusalem in the unholy grip of religious fervor] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116165531/http://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-in-the-unholy-grip-of-religious-fervor/ |date=16 November 2014}}, ''[[The Times of Israel]]''. 6 November 2014</ref> In Hebron, Jews gained access to the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]] – the second-most holy site in Judaism, after the Temple Mount – for the first time since the 14th century (previously Jews were allowed to pray only at the entrance).<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm Cave of the Patriarchs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318073338/http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm |date=18 March 2015}} Chabad.org</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Tahhan |first=Zena |date=12 April 2023 |title=Who are the Jewish groups entering the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/12/who-are-jewish-groups-entering-al-aqsa-mosque |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Other Jewish holy sites, such as [[Rachel's Tomb]] in [[Bethlehem]] and [[Joseph's Tomb]] in [[Nablus]], also became accessible.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Tom Selwyn |title=Contested Mediterranean Spaces: The Case of Rachel's Tomb, Bethlehem, Palestine |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |pages=276–278}}</ref>

The war inspired the [[Jewish diaspora]], which was swept up in overwhelming support for Israel. According to [[Michael Oren]], the war enabled American Jews to "walk with their backs straight and flex their political muscle as never before. American Jewish organizations which had previously kept Israel at arms length suddenly proclaimed their Zionism."{{Sfnp|Oren|2002|p=332}} Thousands of Jewish immigrants arrived from Western countries such as the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[France]] and [[South Africa]] after the war. Many of them returned to their countries of origin after a few years; one survey found that 58% of American Jews who immigrated to Israel between 1961 and 1972 returned to the United States. Nevertheless, immigration to Israel of Jews from Western countries, which was previously only a trickle, was a significant force for the first time.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/dailybrief/.premium-1.636848 The Rise – and Rise – of French Jewry's Immigration to Israel] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030931/http://www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/dailybrief/.premium-1.636848 |date=8 October 2017}} Judy Maltz, 13 January 2015. haaretz.com</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/anglo-file/the-40th-anniversary-of-the-six-day-war-rate-of-return-1.221976 |title=The 40th anniversary of the Six-Day War / Rate of return |date=1 June 2007 |work=Haaretz |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110224025/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/anglo-file/the-40th-anniversary-of-the-six-day-war-rate-of-return-1.221976 |archive-date=10 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Most notably, the war stirred Zionist passions among Jews in the [[Soviet Union]], who had by that time been forcibly assimilated. Many Soviet Jews subsequently applied for exit visas and began protesting for their right to immigrate to Israel. Following diplomatic pressure from the West, the Soviet government began granting exit visas to Jews in growing numbers. From 1970 to 1988, [[1970s Soviet Union aliyah|some {{gaps|291|000}} Soviet Jews were granted exit visas]], of whom {{gaps|165|000}} immigrated to Israel and {{gaps|126|000}} immigrated to the United States.<ref>Tolts, Mark. [http://bjpa.org/Publications/downloadPublication.cfm?PublicationID=11924 Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105203728/http://bjpa.org/Publications/downloadPublication.cfm?PublicationID=11924 |date=5 November 2013}}</ref> The great rise in Jewish pride in the wake of Israel's victory also fueled the beginnings of the [[baal teshuva movement]], the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=www.wherewhatwhen.com |title=''The Miracle of '67: Forty Years Since the Six-Day War'' (Rabbi Moshe Goldstein) 2007 |url=http://www.wherewhatwhen.com/read_articles.asp?id=342 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212195151/http://www.wherewhatwhen.com/read_articles.asp?id=342 |archive-date=12 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/30/magazine/american-jews-rediscover-orthodoxy.html?pagewanted=all |title=American Jews rediscover orthodoxy |date=30 September 1984 |access-date=9 October 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055724/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/30/magazine/american-jews-rediscover-orthodoxy.html?pagewanted=all |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aiken |first=Lisa |title=The Baal Teshuva Survival Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Btma22BvWEoC&q=six-day+war+baal+teshuva&pg=PR7 |publisher=Rossi Publications |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9779629-3-8}}</ref> The war gave impetus to a campaign in which the [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson|leader]] of the hasidic [[Lubavitch]] movement directed his male followers around the world to wear [[tefillin]] (small leather boxes) during morning prayers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hundert |first=Gershon David |title=Essential Papers on Hasidism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzsTCgAAQBAJ&q=Six-Day+War+tefillin+campaign&pg=PA526|publisher=New York University Press |year=1991 |page=526 |isbn=978-0-8147-3470-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heilman |first1=Samuel |last2=Friedman |first2=Menachem |title=The Rebbe: The Life and Afterlife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWH51mqdpi8C&q=Six-Day+War+tefillin+campaign&pg=PA184|publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2012 |page=184 |isbn=978-0-691-13888-6}}</ref>

=== Jews in Arab countries ===
{{Main|Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries}}

In the Arab nations, populations of minority Jews faced persecution and expulsion following the Israeli victory, contributing to the [[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries|Jewish exodus from Arab lands]], which had been ongoing since 1948. As a result, Jewish populations in Arab countries further diminished as many Jews emigrated to Israel and other Western countries. According to historian and ambassador [[Michael Oren]]:{{Sfnp|Oren|2002|pp=306–307}}

<blockquote>Mobs attacked Jewish neighbourhoods in Egypt, Yemen, Lebanon, Tunisia, and Morocco, burning synagogues and assaulting residents. A [[1967 Tripoli pogrom|pogrom in Tripoli, Libya]], left 18 Jews dead and 25 injured; the survivors were herded into detention centres. Of Egypt's 4000 Jews, 800 were arrested, including the chief rabbis of both [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]], and their property sequestered by the government. The ancient communities of [[Damascus]] and [[Baghdad]] were placed under house arrest, their leaders imprisoned and fined. A total of 7000 Jews were expelled, many with merely a satchel.</blockquote>

=== Antisemitism in Communist countries ===
Following the war, a series of antisemitic purges began in Communist countries.<ref name=RE-R-2>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u75GldeYqUIC&pg=PA390 |title=Excel HSC Modern History |first=Ronald |last=Ringer |page=390 |publisher=Pascal Press |date=2006 |access-date=10 September 2013 |isbn=978-1-74125-246-0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101175251/https://books.google.com/books?id=u75GldeYqUIC&pg=PA390 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="W-R">Włodzimierz Rozenbaum, CIAO: Intermarium, ''National Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies'', Atlanta, Ga., 8–11 October 1975.</ref> Some 11,200 Jews from Poland immigrated to Israel during the [[1968 Polish political crisis]] and the following year.<ref name="ipn238">[http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/en/2/238/Communiqu_Investigation_regarding_communist_state_officers_who_publicly_incited_.html Communiqué: Investigation regarding communist state officers who publicly incited hatred towards people of different nationality.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028060145/http://ipn.gov.pl/portal/en/2/238/Communiqu_Investigation_regarding_communist_state_officers_who_publicly_incited_.html |date=28 October 2012 }} ''[[Institute of National Remembrance]]'', [[Warsaw]]. Publication on Polish site of IPN: 25 July 2007.</ref>

=== War of Attrition ===
Following the war, Egypt initiated clashes along the Suez Canal in what became known as the [[War of Attrition]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Qc-xfP6b3gsC&dq=%22War+of+Attrition%22+1967&pg=PA107 The Normalization of War in Israeli Discourse, 1967–2008], Dalia Gavriely-Nuri, Lexington Books, page 107</ref>

=== Palestinian terrorism ===
As a result of Israel's victory, the Palestinian leadership concluded that the Arab world was not able to defeat Israel in open warfare, which in turn led to an increase in [[Terrorism|terrorist]] attacks with an international reach.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sharpe |first=M.E. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44956358 |title=Philosophical perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |date=1997 |publisher=Routledge |others=Tomis Kapitan |isbn=978-0-585-19042-6 |location=Armonk, N.Y. |pages=30 |oclc=44956358 |quote=The 1967 war marked a sharp rise in Palestinians' self-consciousness, convincing many that if their homeland was to be liberated, then it was they who must do it. Outgunned and outmanned by the Israeli military, their fighters resorted to guerilla tactics from staging grounds in Jordan and Lebanon. Some, like George Habash of the PFLP [...] spoke of turning the Occupied Territories into an "inferno whose fires consume the usurpers" (Hirst, 1984, 282). While this did not happen, by 1969 the activities of Habash and others were in the international spotlight as a consequence of cross-border raids and airplane hijackings. No incident was more spectacular than the hostage taking by the Black September group that led to the deaths of eleven Israeli athletes and five Palestinian commandos during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul |date=1978 |title=Terrorism: The International Response |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40395011 |journal=The World Today |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=5–13 |jstor=40395011 |issn=0043-9134 |quote=Since 1967, when desperate Palestinian groups took to international terrorism in the wake of the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War, terrorism has become the characteristic weapon of the weak pretending to be strong.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abrahms |first=Max |date=2004 |title=Are Terrorists Really Rational? The Palestinian Example |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2004.04.001 |journal=Orbis |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=533–549 |doi=10.1016/j.orbis.2004.04.001 |issn=0030-4387 |quote=Yet until the combined forces of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria were defeated for the second time in less than two decades, the Palestinians deferred to their Arab hosts to spearhead the abortive Palestinian national cause. Only after the 1967 War did the Palestinian leadership pursue a policy of self-reliance that depended on terrorism as its primary political strategy.}}</ref><ref>Jenkins, B. M. (1978). International terrorism: trends and potentialities. ''Journal of International Affairs'', 115-123. "Some perceive today's terrorism as the outgrowth of unique political circumstances prevailing in the late 1960s: the Israeli defeat of the Arabs in 1967, which caused Palestinians to abandon their dependence on Arab military power and turn to terrorism."</ref> While the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) was established in 1964, it became more active after the Six-Day War; its actions gave credibility to those who claimed that only terror could end Israel's existence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chermak |first=Steven M. |editor-first1=Steven M |editor-first2=Joshua D |editor-last1=Chermak |editor-last2=Freilich |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315235691 |title=Transnational Terrorism |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-23569-1 |pages=5–13 |doi=10.4324/9781315235691 |s2cid=242423150 |quote=The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), founded in 1967, became active in 1967 [...] The PLO originated after the extraordinary collapse of Arab armies in the six days of the 1967 Middle East war; its existence and persistence gave credibility to supporters who argued that only terror could remove Israel}}</ref> Also after the war, the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] emerged, with its leader [[George Habash]] speaking of turning the occupied territories into an "inferno whose fires consume the usurpers".<ref name=":1" /> These events led to a series of hijackings, bombings, and kidnappings that culminated in the [[Munich massacre|massacre of Israeli athletes]] during the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich Olympics]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Peace and diplomacy ===
[[File:Khartoum_Arab_Summit,_1967.jpg|alt=Khartoum_Arab_Summit,_1967|thumb|Some of the attending heads of state at the [[1967 Arab League summit|Arab League Summit in Khartoum]] following the Six-Day War. From left to right: [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|Faisal]] of Saudi Arabia, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] of Egypt, [[Abdullah al-Sallal]] of Yemen, [[Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah]] of Kuwait and [[Abdul Rahman Arif|Abd al-Rahman Arif]] of Iraq, 2 September 1967]]
Following the war, Israel made an offer for peace that included the return of most of the recently captured territories. According to [[Chaim Herzog]]:

{{Quote|On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government [of Israel] voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements. The Golans would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the Straits of Tiran. The government also resolved to open negotiations with King Hussein of Jordan regarding the Eastern border.{{Sfnp|Herzog|1989|p=253}}}}

The 19 June Israeli cabinet decision did not include the [[Gaza Strip]] and left open the possibility of Israel permanently acquiring parts of the [[West Bank]]. On 25–27 June, Israel incorporated [[East Jerusalem]] together with areas of the West Bank to the north and south into Jerusalem's new municipal boundaries.

The Israeli decision was to be conveyed to the Arab nations by the United States. The U.S. was informed of the decision, but not that it was to transmit it. There is no evidence of receipt from Egypt or Syria, and some historians claim that they may never have received the offer.{{Sfnp|Shlaim|2007|p=254}}

In September, the [[Khartoum Resolution|Khartoum Arab Summit]] resolved that there would be "no peace, no recognition and no negotiation with Israel". However, as [[Avraham Sela]] notes, the Khartoum conference effectively marked a shift in the perception of the conflict by the Arab states away from one centred on the question of Israel's legitimacy, toward one focusing on territories and boundaries. This was shown on 22 November when Egypt and Jordan accepted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242]].{{Sfnp|Sela|1997|p=108}} [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with Israel. In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with [[Israel]] were tantamount to surrender.<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Itamar Rabinovich|author2=Haim Shaked|title=From June to October: The Middle East Between 1967 And 1973 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vNQ3K5HfiHAC&pg=PA192|isbn=978-1-4128-2418-7|page=192|year=1978 |quote=In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with Israel were tantamount to surrender. His efforts to forestall any movement toward direct negotiations&nbsp;... |access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref>

After the war, the entire Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe (with the exception of Romania) broke off diplomatic relations with Israel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Webman |first=Esther |title=The Global Impact of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A Century-Old Myth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xWusAgAAQBAJ&q=the+Communist+states%2C+with+the+exception+of+Romania%2C+broke+off+diplomatic+relations+with+Israel&pg=PA132 |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |page=133 |isbn=978-0-415-59892-7}}</ref>

The 1967 War laid the foundation for future discord in the region, as the Arab states resented Israel's victory and did not want to give up territory.

On 22 November 1967, the [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242|Resolution 242]], the "[[land for peace]]" formula, which called for Israeli withdrawal "from territories occupied" in 1967 and "the termination of all claims or states of belligerency". Resolution 242 recognized the right of "every state in the area to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force." Israel returned the Sinai to Egypt in 1978, after the [[Camp David Accords]]. In the summer of 2005, Israel [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|withdrew all military forces]] and evacuated all civilians from the Gaza Strip. Its army frequently re-enters Gaza for military operations and still retains control of the seaports, airports and most of the border crossings.

=== Long term ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2022}}
[[File:Israel and occupied territories map.png|thumb|During the Six-Day War Israel captured the [[West Bank]], the [[Gaza Strip]], the [[Golan Heights]].]]
Israel made peace with Egypt following the [[Camp David Accords]] of 1978 and completed a staged withdrawal from the Sinai in 1982. However, the position of the other [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied territories]] has been a long-standing and bitter cause of conflict for decades between Israel and the Palestinians, and the Arab world in general. Jordan and Egypt eventually withdrew their claims to sovereignty over the West Bank and Gaza, respectively. Israel and Jordan signed a [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty|peace treaty in 1994]].

After the Israeli occupation of these territories, the [[Gush Emunim]] movement launched a [[Israeli settlement|large settlement effort]] in these areas to secure a permanent foothold. There are now hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers in the West Bank. They are a matter of controversy within Israel, both among the general population and within different political administrations, supporting them to varying degrees. Palestinians consider them a provocation. The Israeli settlements in Gaza were evacuated in August 2005 as a part of [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|Israel's disengagement from Gaza]].