Jacob Zuma

==== Arrest and imprisonment ====
Zuma was given until 4 July to hand himself in, after which the police would have until 7 July to arrest him forcibly.<ref name="BBC News-2021">{{Cite news|date=2021-07-07|title=Jacob Zuma: Deadline looms for South African police to arrest former president|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57748129|access-date=2022-01-13}}</ref> The [[uMkhonto we Sizwe Military Veterans' Association]] warned that his arrest would destabilise the country,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-03|title=South Africa's top court agrees to hear Zuma challenge|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/3/s-africas-zuma-conviction-to-be-reviewed-by-top-court|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> and hundreds of supporters gathered outside his Nkandla residence, threatening violence if he was detained.<ref name="BBC News-2021"/><ref name="Eligon-2021">{{Cite news|last=Eligon|first=John|date=2021-07-07|title=Jacob Zuma, Former South African President, Is Arrested|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/world/africa/jacob-zuma-arrested-south-africa.html|access-date=2022-01-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Zuma told the press that he had been sentenced without trial, saying that it might "remind our people of the apartheid days", and told a rally in Nkandla:<blockquote>I fought for freedom. I was fighting for these very rights. No one will take my rights away. Even the dead that I fought against during the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|liberation struggle]] will turn in their graves.<ref name="Eligon-2021"/></blockquote>On 7 July, with the deadline nearing and an outstanding court application by Zuma to halt the arrest, it was unclear whether the [[South African Police Service]] planned to arrest him.<ref name="BBC News-2021"/> Forty minutes before the midnight deadline, Zuma handed himself over and was taken to the [[Estcourt]] Correctional Centre.<ref name="Eligon-2021"/><ref name="Estcourt2">{{Cite news|last1=Sishi|first1=Siyabonga|last2=Dludla|first2=Nqobile|last3=Cocks|first3=Tim|last4=Wendell|first4=Roelf|last5=Winning|first5=Alexander|date=8 July 2021|title=South Africa's Zuma hands himself over to police to begin sentence|language=en-US|work=Reuters|editor1-last=Cocks|editor1-first=Tim|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-zuma-hand-himself-over-police-foundation-2021-07-07/|url-access=registration|access-date=8 July 2021|editor2-last=Cooney|editor2-first=Peter}}</ref> On 9 July, the Pietermaritzburg High Court dismissed Zuma's application to have the arrest overturned, citing a lack of evidence for the medical grounds raised by Zuma.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Winning|first1=Alexander|last2=Roelf|first2=Wendell|last3=Ward|first3=Rogan|last4=Kumwenda-Mtambo|first4=Olivia|last5=Cocks|first5=Tim|date=9 July 2021|title=South Africa's jailed ex-leader Zuma loses bid to overturn arrest|language=en-US|work=Reuters|editor1-last=Elgood|editor1-first=Giles|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-african-court-dismisses-zumas-application-block-arrest-2021-07-09/|url-access=registration|access-date=10 July 2021|editor2-last=Richardson|editor2-first=Alex}}</ref> There was a severe [[2021 South African unrest|outbreak of civil unrest]] in [[KwaZulu-Natal]] on the same day linked to Zuma's detention.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cele|first1=S'thembile|last2=Siwele|first2=Khuleko|date=11 July 2021|title=Six Killed as South African Riots Spread After Jailing of Zuma|language=en-US|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-11/south-africa-s-pro-zuma-protests-spread-to-nation-s-economic-hub|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Govender|first=Suthentira|date=9 July 2021|title=Millions of rand of KZN infrastructure damaged in violent 'Free Jacob Zuma' protests|language=en-SA|work=Sunday Times|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-07-09-millions-of-rand-of-kzn-infrastructure-damaged-in-violent-free-jacob-zuma-protests/|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> The Constitutional Court subsequently heard an urgent rescission application by Zuma, reserving judgement on 12 July,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pillay|first=Kailene|date=2021-07-12|title=ConCourt reserves judgment on Jacob Zuma's bid to have prison sentence rescinded|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/concourt-reserves-judgment-on-jacob-zumas-bid-to-have-prison-sentence-rescinded-2ab6c794-9921-4355-a51d-11dfa1ad8f32|access-date=2022-01-13|website=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]|language=en}}</ref> but ultimately upheld its earlier sentence in a 7–2 ruling.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Magome|first=Mogomotsi|date=17 September 2021|title=South Africa: Top court upholds ex-president's jail sentence|language=en-US|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-johannesburg-courts-south-africa-jacob-zuma-028b88bc789e4f8728203f8fc558c298|access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref>

On 22 July, Zuma was granted one day's compassionate leave to attend the funeral of his brother Michael.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahvuso|first=Sihle|date=21 July 2021|title=Jacob Zuma applies for permission to attend brother's funeral at Nkandla|language=en-ZA|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/jacob-zuma-applies-for-permission-to-attend-brothers-funeral-at-nkandla-6fe9fb53-5ce3-404b-98a9-5b202929c37e|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aboudouh|first=Ahmed|date=22 July 2021|title=Jacob Zuma released from prison to attend his brother's funeral after violent riots|language=en-UK|work=Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/south-africa-zuma-prison-funeral-b1888613.html|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> On 6 August, the [[Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)|Department of Correctional Services]] reported that he had been admitted to hospital for routine [[medical observation]] following a routine health check.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McKenzie|first=David|date=6 August 2021|title=South Africa: Top court upholds ex-president's jail sentence|language=en-US|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/06/africa/jacob-zuma-hospitalized-intl/index.html|access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref> He underwent surgery for an unspecified condition on 14 August and had to remain hospitalised in order to undergo further medical procedures.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 August 2021|title=Former SA President Jacob Zuma undergoes surgery, to remain in hospital|language=en|work=Africanews|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/15/former-sa-president-jacob-zuma-undergoes-surgery-to-remain-in-hospital//|access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref> On 5 September, he was released on [[medical parole]] to receive medical care at home, instead of in hospital, in order to complete the rest of his sentence at his Nkandla home, under supervision in the [[Corrections#Community Based Corrections|community corrections]] system.<ref name="Deutsche Welle-2021">{{Cite news|date=6 September 2021|title=South Africa: Jacob Zuma released from prison on medical parole|language=en|work=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/south-africa-jacob-zuma-released-from-prison-on-medical-parole/a-59094022|access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ensor-2021">{{Cite web|last=Ensor|first=Linda|date=2021-12-21|title=Jacob Zuma granted leave to appeal parole judgment|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-12-21-jacob-zuma-granted-leave-to-appeal-parole-judgment/|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}</ref>

The decision was challenged in court by the [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]], the [[Helen Suzman Foundation]], and [[AfriForum|Afriforum]]. On 15 December 2021, high court judge [[Keoagile Matojane]] set aside the parole decision, declaring it unlawful and saying that it undermined respect for the judiciary, the [[rule of law]], and the [[Constitution of South Africa|Constitution]]. The Medical Parole Advisory Board had advised against parole, but it had been granted by the Correctional Services Commissioner, Arthur Fraser, who had thereby effectively and improperly overruled the board.<ref name="Erasmus-2021">{{Cite web|last=Erasmus|first=Des|date=2021-12-15|title=#GoBackToJail ruling: Fraser's decision to grant Zuma parole was an 'unlawful intervention' that undermined respect for SA's courts|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-12-15-back-to-jail-ruling-frasers-decision-to-grant-zuma-parole-was-an-unlawful-intervention-that-undermined-respect-for-sas-courts/|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chutel|first=Lynsey|date=2021-12-15|title=Jacob Zuma Must Return to Prison, a Judge in South Africa Rules|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/15/world/africa/jacob-zuma-prison-south-africa.html|access-date=2022-01-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Zuma was ordered to return to prison, with his time on parole not counted towards his sentence.<ref name="Erasmus-2021"/> Zuma's lawyers immediately announced his intention to appeal the high court's decision,<ref name="Erasmus-2021"/> and he was granted leave to do so on 21 December.<ref name="Ensor-2021"/>

The Department of Correctional Services declared that Zuma's sentence had ended on 7 October 2022. A ruling had not yet been delivered on his appeal against the cancellation of his medical parole.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/former-s-african-president-zuma-released-correctional-services-system-2022-10-07/|title=South Africa's Jacob Zuma set free after prison term ends|author=Bhargav Acharya|work=Reuters|date=7 October 2022|access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> The Supreme Court of Appeal ruled on 21 November that the medical parole was unlawful, but allowed the national commissioner of the Department of Correctional Services to consider whether the time he spent in parole would count towards his sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-african-court-rules-former-president-zuma-s-medical-parole-unlawful-/6843455.html|title=South African Court Rules Former President Zuma's Medical Parole Unlawful|author=Linda Givetash|work=Voice of America|date=21 November 2022|access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref> The Department of Correctional Services appealed the ruling to the [[Constitutional Court of South Africa|Constitutional Court]] on 16 December.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ewn.co.za/0001/01/01/correctional-services-commissioner-takes-zuma-medical-parole-fight-to-concourt|title=Correctional Services Commissioner Takes Zuma Medical Parole to Concourt|author=Bernadette Wicks|work=Eyewitness News|date=16 December 2022|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> On 11 August 2023, the Department of Correctional Services granted Zuma remission of his 15-month sentence.<ref name=":0" />