Ancient Rome

===Fashion===
{{see also|Clothing in ancient Rome}}
[[File:Mosaico di cristo in trono tra gli apostoli e le ss. prudenziana e prassede, 410 dc ca. 06.jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|Detail of a [[Paleochristian]] [[Roman mosaic]] from the basilica of [[Santa Pudenziana]] in Rome, c. 410 AD, depicting Saint [[Pudentiana]]]]

The [[toga]], a common garment during the era of Julius Caesar, was gradually abandoned by all social classes of the Empire. At the early 4th century, the toga had become just a garment worn by senators in Senate and ceremonial events. At the 4th century, the toga was replaced by the ''[[paenula]]'' (a garment similar to a poncho) as the everyday garment of the Romans, from the lower classes to the upper classes. Another garment that was popular among the Romans in the later years of the [[Western Roman Empire]] was the ''[[Pallium (Roman cloak)|pallium]]'', which was mostly worn by philosophers and scholars in general. Due to external influences, mainly from the Germanic peoples, the Romans adopted [[tunic]]s very similar to those used by the Germanic peoples with whom they interacted in the final years of the Western Empire, also adopted trousers and hats like the [[Pileus (hat)|''pileus pannonicus'']]. At the Late Empire the ''[[paludamentum]]'' (a type of military clothing) was used only by the Emperor of Rome (since the reign of [[Augustus]], the first emperor) while the [[dalmatic]] (also used by the Christian clergy) began to spread throughout the empire.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/dalmatica/|title=Dalmatica|access-date=12 August 2023|language=it}}</ref>