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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text=== Military training === Sleep deprivation has become hardwired into the military culture. It is prevalent in the entire force and especially severe for servicemembers deployed in high-conflict environments.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web | vauthors = Irving D |date=2017-03-01 |title=The Costs of Poor Sleep Are Staggering |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/articles/2017/the-costs-of-poor-sleep-are-staggering.html |website=RAND}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book | vauthors = Troxel W, Shih R, Pedersen E, Geyer L, Fisher M, Griffin BA, Haas A, Kurz J, Steinberg P |date=2015 |title=Improving Sleep Health for U.S. Servicemembers: Policies, Programs, Barriers to Implementation, and Recommendations |doi=10.7249/rb9824 |isbn=978-0-8330-8851-2}}</ref> Sleep deprivation has been used by the [[military]] in training programs to prepare personnel for combat experiences when proper sleep schedules aren't realistic. Sleep deprivation is used to create a different schedule pattern that is beyond a typical 24-hour day. Sleep deprivation is pivotal in training games such as "Keep in Memory" exercises, where personnel practice memorizing everything they can while under intense stress physically and mentally and being able to describe in as much detail as they can remember of what they remember seeing days later. Sleep deprivation is used in training to create soldiers who are used to only going off of a few hours or minutes of sleep randomly when available.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} DARPA initiated sleep research to create a highly resilient soldier capable of sustaining extremely prolonged wakefulness, inspired by the white-crowned sparrow's week-long sleeplessness during migration, at a time when it was not understood that [[Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep|migration birds actually slept with half of their brain]]. This pursuit aimed both to produce a "super soldier" able "to go for a minimum of seven days without sleep, and in the longer term perhaps at least double that time frame, while preserving high levels of mental and physical performance", and to enhance productivity in sleep-deprived personnel. Military experiments on sleep have been conducted on combatants and prisoners, such as those in Guantánamo, where controlled lighting is combined with torture techniques to manipulate sensory experiences. Crary highlights how constant illumination and the removal of day-night distinctions create what he defines as a "time of indifference," utilizing light management as a form of psychological control.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Eriksson M, Juárez G |date=2017 |title=The Biopolitics of Melanopic Illuminance |url=http://www.scapegoatjournal.org/docs/10/14.pdf |journal=Scapegoat |issue=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905132205/http://www.scapegoatjournal.org/docs/10/14.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Crary J |title=24/7: late capitalism and the ends of sleep |date=2014 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-78168-310-1 |edition= |location=London}}</ref> However, studies have since evaluated the impact of the sleep deprivation imprint on the military culture. Personnel surveys reveal common challenges such as inadequate sleep, fatigue, and impaired daytime functioning, impacting operational effectiveness and post-deployment reintegration. These sleep issues elevate the risk of severe mental health disorders, including PTSD and depression. Early intervention is crucial. Though promising, implementing cognitive-behavioral and imagery-rehearsal therapies for insomnia remains a challenge. Several high-profile military accidents caused in part or fully by sleep deprivation of personnel have been documented. The military has prioritized sleep education, with recent Army guidelines equating sleep importance to nutrition and exercise. The Navy, particularly influenced by retired Captain John Cordle, has actively experimented with watch schedules to align shipboard life with sailors' circadian needs, leading to improved sleep patterns, especially in submarines, supported by ongoing research efforts at the Naval Postgraduate School. Watch schedules with longer and more reliable resting intervals are nowadays the norm on U.S. submarines and a recommended option for surface ships.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> In addition to sleep deprivation, circadian misalignment, as commonly experienced by submarine crews, causes several long-term health issues and a decrease in cognitive performance.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo JH, Ma XH, Ma H, Zhang Y, Tian ZQ, Wang X, Shao YC | title = Circadian misalignment on submarines and other non-24-h environments - from research to application | journal = Military Medical Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 39 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32814592 | pmc = 7437048 | doi = 10.1186/s40779-020-00268-2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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