Quarantine

===COVID-19 pandemic, 2020–2023===
[[File:Vermont COVID travel sign.jpg|thumb|A road sign at an exit on [[Interstate 91]] in [[Vermont]], photographed in November 2020.]]
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], multiple governmental actors enacted quarantines in an effort to curb the rapid spread of the virus. Quarantine-like restrictions on movement included [[curfews]] and restrictions variously described as [[stay-at-home orders]], shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns or [[lockdown#COVID-19 pandemic|lockdowns]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

On 26 March 2020, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdown]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |last2=Kassam |first2=Ashifa |title=Spain defends response to coronavirus as global cases exceed 500,000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/26/spanish-coronavirus-deaths-slow-as-world-nears-500000-cases |work=The Guardian |date=26 March 2020}}</ref> which increased to 2.6 billion people two days later—around a third of the [[World population|world's population]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A third of the global population is on coronavirus lockdown — here's our constantly updated list of countries and restrictions |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How to Lock Down 2.6 Billion People Without Killing the Economy |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-03-25/coronavirus-how-to-make-locking-down-2-6-billion-people-work |work=Bloomberg |date=25 March 2020}}</ref>

====Hubei====
{{further|COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei}}

In Hubei, the origin of the epidemic, a ''[[Cordon sanitaire (medicine)|cordon sanitaire]]'' was [[2020 Hubei lockdown|imposed on Wuhan]] and other major cities in China, affecting around 500 million people, which is unprecedented in scale in human history,<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-15/coronavirus-lockdown-in-china-6.5-per-cent-worlds-population/11968114 Coronavirus COVID-19 prompts China to lock down its megacities as the death toll climbs] ''ABC News'', 15 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.</ref> to limit the rate of spread of the disease. The 'lockdown' of Wuhan, and subsequently a wider-scale 'lockdown' throughout Hubei province, began on 23 January 2020. At this stage, the spread of the virus in mainland China was running at approximately 50% growth in cases per day. On 8 February, the daily rate of spread fell below 10%. {{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

====Italy====
{{further|COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|COVID-19 lockdown in Italy}}

As the outbreak spread there, beginning 22 February 2020, a ''cordon sanitaire'' was imposed on a group of at least 10 different municipalities in [[Northern Italy]], effectively quarantining more than 50,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/21/news/coronavirus_codogno_castiglione_d_adda_contagiati_misure_sicurezza-249154447/|title=Coronavirus, in dieci comuni lombardi: 50 mila persone costrette a restare in casa. Quarantena all'ospedale milanese di Baggio|date=21 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it |trans-title=Coronavirus, in ten Lombard municipalities: 50 thousand people forced to stay at home. Quarantine at the Milanese hospital in Baggio|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/coronavirus-chi-viola-quarantena-rischia-l-arresto-fino-tre-mesi-ACrcnLLB|title=Coronavirus, come funziona la quarantena e cosa rischia chi la viola (l'arresto)|language=it|trans-title=Coronavirus, how quarantine works and what threatens those who violate it (arrest)|website=Il Sole 24 ORE|date=22 February 2020 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> This followed a second day when the declared detected cases leapt enormously (the period from 21 to 23 February saw daily increases of 567%, 295% and 90% respectively). A week later the rate of increase of cases in Italy was significantly reduced (the period from 29 February to 4 March saw daily increases of 27%, 50%, 20%, 23%, and 23%).

On 8 March 2020, a much wider region of Northern Italy was placed under quarantine restrictions, involving around 16 million people.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w172wyjnjccvmqr Coronavirus: Authorities order the lockdown of northern Italy to try to halt the virus] 8 March 2020 ''www.bbc.co.uk/programmes (BBC World Service)'', accessed 10 March 2020</ref>  On the next day, the quarantine was extended to the whole of Italy, effective on 10 March 2020, placing roughly 60 million people under quarantine.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51810673 Coronavirus: Italy extends emergency measures nationwide] 10 March 2020 ''www.bbc.co.uk/news'', accessed 10 March 2020</ref>

A team of Chinese experts, together with some 31 tonnes of supplies, arrived in Rome on 13 March 2020 to help Italy fight the virus.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-respirators-idUSKBN2101IM China sends medical supplies, experts to help Italy battle coronavirus] 13 March 2020 ''www.reuters.com'' accessed 16 May 2020</ref>

On 22 March 2020, Russia sent nine Ilyushin 76 planes with expert virologists, epidemiologists, medical equipment, and pharmaceuticals in a humanitarian aid operation that Italian media dubbed "From Russia With Love".<ref>[https://formiche.net/2020/03/russia-putin-aiuti-mistero/ Dalla Russia con amore, Putin invia gli aiuti in Italia. Con un mistero…] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409051108/https://formiche.net/2020/03/russia-putin-aiuti-mistero/ |date=9 April 2020 }} ''(From Russia with love, Putin sends aid to Italy. With a mystery ...)'' Emanuele Rossi, ''formiche.net'', accessed 23 April 2020</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/03/25/821345465/for-help-on-coronavirus-italy-turns-to-china-russia-and-cuba For Help On Coronavirus, Italy Turns To China, Russia And Cuba] 25 March 2020 ''www.npr.org'', accessed 23 April 2020</ref>

Eventually the lockdown was extended until 3 May, although starting from 14 April stationery shops, bookshops, and children clothing's shops were allowed to open.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italy extends lockdown until May 3rd despite pressure from business |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20200410/italy-set-to-extend-lockdown-until-early-may |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=The Local.it |date=10 April 2020}}</ref>

On 26 April 2020, the so-called "Phase 2" was announced, to start from 4 May. Movements across regions were still forbidden, while movements between municipalities were allowed only to visit relatives or for work and health reasons.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2020/04/26/news/coronavirus_riaperture_cabina_regia_governo_regioni-254928829/?ref=RHPPTP-BH-I254972764-C12-P3-S2.4-T1 Coronavirus, Fase 2: dal 4 maggio sì a incontri con familiari. Il 18 riapriranno i negozi, il primo giugno bar, ristoranti, parrucchieri e centri estetici], 26 April 2020 ''la Repubblica'', accessed 16 May 2020</ref> Moreover, closed factories could re-open, but schools, bars, restaurants, and barbers were still closed.<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/politica/20_aprile_27/coronavirus-nuovo-decreto-26-aprile-ecco-calendario-quello-che-si-potra-fare-fase-2-80508a10-8802-11ea-8a3a-5c7a635a608c.shtml Coronavirus, il nuovo decreto del 26 aprile: ecco il calendario di quello che si potrà fare nella "fase 2"], 27 April 2020 ''Corriere Della Sera'', accessed 16 May 2020</ref>

As at 4 May 2020, when new cases were running around 0.5%, ({{circa|1600}} persons) per day and consistently falling, it was expected that museums and retailers might reopen from 18 May, while hairdressers, bars and restaurants were expected to reopen fully on 1 June.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/anger-as-italy-slowly-emerges-from-long-covid-19-lockdown Anger as Italy slowly emerges from long Covid-19 lockdown] 4 May 2020, ''www.theguardian.com'', accessed 16 May 2020</ref>

Regional lockdowns were subsequently imposed as further waves of the virus spread through the country.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-06|title=Coronavirus: Italy imposes regional lockdown as Europe battles surges|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54839429|access-date=2021-11-28}}</ref>

====Rest of Europe====
{{further|COVID-19 pandemic in Europe}}
[[File:Berg a DNV - 49655647492.jpg|thumb|[[COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia|Slovakia]] closed borders to non-residents because of the [[coronavirus disease 2019]] pandemic.]]

As cases of the virus spread to and took hold in more European countries, many followed the earlier examples of China and Italy and began instituting policies of lockdown. Notable among these were [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] (where schools were closed in mid March for the rest of the month, and limits were set on sizes of meetings),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/coronavirus-schools-colleges-and-childcare-facilities-in-ireland-to-shut-1.4200977|title=Coronavirus: Schools, colleges and childcare facilities in Ireland to shut|last1=Leahy|first1=Pat|last2=Cullen|first2=Paul|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=12 March 2020|last3=Lynch|first3=Suzanne|last4=Kelly|first4=Fiach}}</ref> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Spain]] (where a [[2020 Spain coronavirus lockdown|lockdown]] was announced on 14 March),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |title=Spain orders nationwide lockdown to battle coronavirus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/spain-government-set-to-order-nationwide-coronavirus-lockdown |work=The Guardian |date=14 March 2020 }}</ref> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Norway|Norway]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark|Denmark]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland|Iceland]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Poland|Poland]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey|Turkey]], and [[COVID-19 pandemic in France|France]], while the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] noticeably lagged behind in adopting such measures.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-51892402 Coronavirus: Some scientists say UK virus strategy is 'risking lives'] 14 March 2020, ''www.bbc.co.uk/news'', accessed 14 March 2020</ref>

As of 18 March 2020, more than 250 million people were in lockdown across Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |last2=Oltermann |first2=Philip |title=Italy records its deadliest day of coronavirus outbreak with 475 deaths |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/coronavirus-lockdown-eu-belgium-germany-adopt-measures |work=The Guardian |date=18 March 2020 }}</ref>

====Rest of the world====
{{further|Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic}}

In the immediate context of the start of the pandemic in Wuhan, countries neighbouring or close to China adopted a cautious approach. For example, Sri Lanka, Macau, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea had all imposed some degree of lockdown by 19 February.<ref name=BBC_Lockdown>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-52103747 Coronavirus: The world in lockdown in maps and charts] 7 April 2020 ''www.bbc.co.uk'', accessed 19 April 2020</ref> As countries across the world reported escalating case numbers and deaths, more and more countries began to announce travel restrictions and lockdowns.<ref name=BBC_Lockdown/> Africa and Latin America were relatively delayed in the spread of the virus, but even on these continents, countries began to impose travel bans and lockdowns. Brazil and Mexico began lockdowns in late February and much of the rest of Latin America followed suit in early March.<ref name=BBC_Lockdown/> Much of Africa was on lockdown by the start of April.<ref name=BBC_Lockdown/> Kenya, for example, blocked certain international flights and subsequently placed a ban on 'global' meetings.<ref>[https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2020/03/govt-imposes-month-long-ban-on-global-meetings-in-measures-to-avert-coronavirus-spread/ Kenya: Govt imposes month-long ban on global meetings in measures to avert coronavirus spread] ''www.capitalfm.co.ke'', accessed 15 March 2020</ref>

{{As of|2020|04|01|alt=As of 1 April 2020}}, more than 280&nbsp;million people, or about 86% of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the [[United States]],<ref>{{cite news |title=More than 85% of all Americans have been ordered to stay at home. This map shows which cities and states are under lockdown |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=1 April 2020}}</ref> 59 million people were in lockdown in [[South Africa]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chutel |first1=Lynsey |last2=Dahir |first2=Abdi Latif |title=With Most Coronavirus Cases in Africa, South Africa Locks Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/world/africa/south-africa-coronavirus.html |work=The New York Times|date=27 March 2020}}</ref> and 1.3 billion people were in [[2020 coronavirus lockdown in India|lockdown in India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Supriya |title=For a billion Indians, lockdown has not prevented tragedy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/mar/29/india-lockdown-tragedy-healthcare-coronavirus-starvation-mumbai |work=The Guardian |date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chaos and hunger amid India coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/chaos-hunger-india-coronavirus-lockdown-200327094522268.html |work=Al-Jazeera |date=27 March 2020}}</ref>