Nigerian Civil War

===Fall of Biafra and restoration attempts===
{{further|Orlu Crisis}}
On 29 May 2000, ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]'' reported that President [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] commuted to retirement the dismissal of all military persons who fought for the breakaway state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. In a national broadcast, he said that the decision was based on the principle that "justice must at all times be tempered with mercy."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2000 |title=WEST AFRICA IRIN-WA Weekly Round-up 22 |url=http://iys.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/wafrica/00a/0021.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418012151/http://iys.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/wafrica/00a/0021.html |archive-date=18 April 2009 |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=iys.cidi.org}}</ref>

Biafra was more or less wiped off the map until its resurrection by the contemporary [[Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra]].<ref>Heerten & Moses, "The Nigeria–Biafra War" (2014), pp. 189–190. "By contrast, 'Biafra' as an Igbo project of collective assertion and liberation was destroyed in 1970 and has been a taboo subject ever sense—at least until MASSOB placed it back on the agenda."</ref> Chinua Achebe's last book, ''There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra'', has also rekindled discussion of the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-05 |title=There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra by Chinua Achebe – review |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/oct/05/chinua-achebe-there-was-a-country-review |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, the [[Indigenous People of Biafra]] (IPOB) separatist movement was founded, led by [[Nnamdi Kanu]]. In 2021, tensions between IPOB and the Nigerian government escalated into the violent [[Orlu Crisis]], with IPOB declaring that the "second Nigeria/Biafra war" had begun. The separatists vowed that this time, Biafra would win.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/02/19/second-nigeriabiafra-war-has-just-started-we-will-defend-our-land-%E2%80%94-ipob | title=Second Nigeria/Biafra War Has Just Started But We Will Defend Our Land – IPOB | publisher=Sahara Reporters | date=19 February 2021 | access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref>