Zimbabwe

===Arts===
{{Main|Zimbabwean art}}
{{see also|Music of Zimbabwe}}
[[File:Reconciliation Amos Supuni Woerden.jpg|thumb|upright|"Reconciliation", a [[stone sculpture]] by [[Amos Supuni]]]]
Traditional arts in Zimbabwe include [[pottery]], [[Basket weaving|basketry]], textiles, jewellery and carving. Among the distinctive qualities are symmetrically patterned woven baskets and stools carved out of a single piece of wood. Shona sculpture, which has a long cultural history, began evolving into its modern form in the mid 20th century and gained increasing international popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-06 |title=Art of Zimbabwe: Shona Sculpture - The Sculpture Park |url=https://www.thesculpturepark.com/shona-sculpture/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Default Store View |language=en}}</ref> Most subjects of carved figures of stylised birds and human figures among others are made with sedimentary rock such as [[soapstone]], as well as harder igneous rocks such as [[Serpentine subgroup|serpentine]] and the rare stone [[Serpentinite|verdite]]. Zimbabwean artefacts can be found in countries like Singapore, China and Canada. e.g. [[Dominic Benhura]]'s statue in the [[Singapore Botanic Gardens]].

Shona sculpture has survived through the ages, and the modern style is a fusion of African folklore with European influences. World-renowned Zimbabwean sculptors include Nicholas Nesbert and Anderson Mukomberanwa, Tapfuma Gutsa, Henry Munyaradzi and Locardia Ndandarika.

Several authors are well known within Zimbabwe and abroad. [[Charles Mungoshi]] is renowned in Zimbabwe for writing traditional stories in English and in Shona, and his poems and books have sold well with both the black and white communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zimbabwe.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5752|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016092853/http://zimbabwe.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5752|archive-date=16 October 2007|title=Charles Mungoshi|publisher=Zimbabwe – Poetry International Web}}</ref> [[Catherine Buckle]] has achieved international recognition with her two books ''African Tears'' and ''Beyond Tears'' which tell of the ordeal she went through under the 2000 Land Reform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://africantears.netfirms.com/beyondtears.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030001000/http://africantears.netfirms.com/beyondtears.htm|archive-date=30 October 2007|title=Tribute to Cathy Buckle|access-date=2 November 2007}}</ref> The first [[Prime Minister of Rhodesia]], Ian Smith, wrote two books – ''[[The Great Betrayal: The Memoirs of Ian Douglas Smith|The Great Betrayal]]'' and ''[[The Great Betrayal: The Memoirs of Ian Douglas Smith|Bitter Harvest]].'' The book ''[[The House of Hunger]]'' by [[Dambudzo Marechera]] won the [[Guardian Fiction Prize]] in the UK in 1979.<ref>[http://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Guardian+Fiction+Prize "Book awards: Guardian Fiction Prize"], Library Thing.</ref> The Nobel Prize-winning author [[Doris Lessing]]'s first novel ''[[The Grass Is Singing]]'' is set in Rhodesia, as are the first four volumes of her ''[[Children of Violence]]'' sequence and her collection of short stories entitled ''African Stories''. In 2013 [[NoViolet Bulawayo]]'s novel ''[[We Need New Names]]'' was shortlisted for the [[Booker Prize]]. The novel was inspired by a photograph of a child who lost their home in [[Operation Murambatsvina]], Mugabe's slum clearance programme which began in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/15/we-need-new-names-noviolet-bulawayo-guardian-first-book-award |title=We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo |work=The Guardian |author=Guardian first book award 2013 |date=15 November 2013 |accessdate=1 July 2023}}</ref> Bulawayo's second novel, ''[[Glory (Bulawayo novel)|Glory]]'', a satire based on the [[2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état|2017 coup]] against [[Robert Mugabe]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Glory by NoViolet Bulawayo review – a Zimbabwean Animal Farm|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/23/glory-by-noviolet-bulawayo-review-a-zimbabwean-animal-farm|first=Sarah|last=Ladipo Manyika|author-link=Sarah Ladipo Manyika|date=23 March 2022|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=1 July 2023|language=en}}</ref> was also shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Zimbabwean author [[Tsitsi Dangarembga]]'s novels have received widespread critical acclaim and her third, ''[[This Mournable Body]]'', was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 2020.

Notable Zimbabwean artists include Henry Mudzengerere and Nicolas Mukomberanwa. A recurring theme in Zimbabwean art is the metamorphosis of man into beast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karaart.com/collections/shona/origins3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001001084811/http://karaart.com/collections/shona/origins3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date= 1 October 2000 |title=Cultural Origins of art |access-date=6 January 2008 }}</ref> Zimbabwean musicians like [[Thomas Mapfumo]], [[Oliver Mtukudzi]], the [[Bhundu Boys]]; [[Stella Chiweshe]], [[Alick Macheso]] and [[Audius Mtawarira]] have achieved international recognition. Among members of the white minority community, Theatre has a large following, with numerous theatrical companies performing in Zimbabwe's urban areas.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-theatre-art/Southern-and-South-Africa|title=African theatre – Southern and South Africa {{!}} art|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>