Russia

===Corruption===
{{Main|Corruption in Russia}}
Russia's [[autocracy|autocratic]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Krastev|first=Ivan|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f9bcb5ac-ab05-4630-b641-ca3dbdbe4666 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/f9bcb5ac-ab05-4630-b641-ca3dbdbe4666 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Putin's aggressive autocracy reduces Russian soft power to ashes|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=16 June 2022|access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> political system has been variously described as a [[kleptocracy]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fish |first=M. Steven |author-link=Steven Fish |title=What Has Russia Become? |jstor=26532689 |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=50 |number=3 |date=April 2018 |pages=327–346 |publisher=[[City University of New York]] |location=New York City|doi=10.5129/001041518822704872 }}</ref> an [[oligarchy]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Rachinsky|first2=Andrei|title=The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism|year=2005|volume=19|number=1|journal=The Journal of Economic Perspectives|pages=131–150|publisher=[[American Economic Association]]|doi=10.1257/0895330053147994 |jstor=4134996|s2cid=17653502 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and a [[plutocracy]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Åslund|first=Anders|year= 2019|title=Russia's Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy|pages=5–7|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-24486-1}}</ref> It was the lowest rated European country in [[Transparency International]]'s [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] for 2023, ranking 141th out of 180 countries.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2024 |title=Corruptions Perceptions Index 2023 |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023/index/rus |access-date=16 February 2024 |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Russia has a long history of corruption, which is seen as a significant problem.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> It impacts various sectors, including the economy,<ref>{{cite web |last=Alferova |first=Ekaterina |date=26 October 2020|script-title=ru:В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией|trans-title=Russia proposed to create the post of Ombudsman for the fight against corruption |url=https://iz.ru/1078501/2020-10-26/v-rossii-predlozhili-sozdat-dolzhnost-ombudsmena-po-borbe-s-korruptciei |access-date=5 November 2020|script-website=ru:Известия |website=[[Izvestia]] |language=ru}}</ref> business,<ref>{{cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Russia Corruption Report |url=https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/russia/ |access-date=5 November 2020 |website=GAN Integrity }}</ref> [[Government of Russia|public administration]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Suhara, Manabu |title=Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective |url=https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/03september/pdf/M_Suhara.pdf |publisher=[[Slavic-Eurasian Research Center]] |access-date=4 December 2015 }}</ref> [[Law enforcement in Russia|law enforcement]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gerber |first1=Theodore P. |last2=Mendelson |first2=Sarah E. |author2-link=Sarah E. Mendelson |title=Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing? |jstor=29734103 |journal=[[Law & Society Review]] |volume=42 |number=1 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |date=March 2008 |pages=1–44|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x }}</ref> [[Healthcare in Russia|healthcare]],<ref>{{cite web |author1=Klara Sabirianova Peter |first2=Tetyana |last2=Zelenska |year=2010 |title=Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery |url=http://www.iza.org/conference_files/worldb2010/zelenska_t5300.pdf |publisher=[[Georgia State University]] |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/corruption-pervades-russias-health-system/ |title=Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=28 June 2007 |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> [[Education in Russia|education]],<ref>{{cite web |first1=Elena |last1=Denisova-Schmidt |first2=Elvira |last2=Leontyeva |first3=Yaroslav |last3=Prytula |year=2014 |title=Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine |url=http://ethics.harvard.edu/blog/corruption-universities-common-disease-russia-and-ukraine |access-date=4 December 2015 |publisher=[[Harvard University]]}}</ref> and the military.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/corruption-russian-armed-forces|title=Corruption in the Russian Armed Forces|last1=Cranny-Evans|first1=Sam|last2=Ivshina|first2=Olga|date=12 May 2022|publisher=[[Royal United Services Institute]] (RUSI)|location=[[Westminster]]|access-date=6 October 2022|quote=Corruption in the Russian armed forces, and society in general, has been a long-acknowledged truism.}}</ref>
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