Quebec

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Quebec}}
Quebec has developed its own unique culture from its historic [[New France]] roots. Its culture also symbolizes a distinct perspective: being a French-speaking nation surrounded by a bigger English-speaking culture.

The [[Quartier Latin, Montreal|Quartier Latin]] (English: Latin Quarter) of Montreal, and Vieux-Québec (English: [[Old Quebec]]) in Quebec City are two hubs of metropolitan cultural activity. Life in the cafés and "terrasses" (outdoor restaurant terraces) reveals a Latin influence in Quebec's culture, with the [[théâtre Saint-Denis]] in Montreal and the [[Capitole de Québec]] theatre in Quebec City being among the principal attractions.

A number of governmental and non-government organizations support cultural activity in Quebec. The [[Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec]] (CALQ) is an initiative of the [[Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec)]]. It supports creation, innovation, production, and international exhibits for all cultural fields of Quebec. The [[Société de développement des entreprises culturelles]] (SODEC) works to promote and fund individuals working in the cultural industry. The [[Prix du Québec]] is an award given by the government to confer the highest distinction and honour to individuals demonstrating exceptional achievement in their respective cultural field. Other awards include the Athanase David Awards (Literature), [[Félix Awards]] (Music), [[Gémeaux Awards]] (Television and film), [[Jutra Awards]] (Cinema), Masques Awards (Theatre), [[Olivier Guimond]] Awards (Humour) and the Opus Awards (Concert music).

===Performing arts===
{{Main|Music of Quebec|Dance in Quebec|Comedy in Quebec}}
Traditional music is imbued with many dances, such as the [[jig]], the [[quadrille]], the [[Reel (dance)|reel]] and [[line dancing]]. Traditional instruments include harmonica, [[fiddle]], [[Spoon (musical instrument)|spoons]], [[jaw harp]] and [[accordion]]. The [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] and the [[Inuit]] of Quebec also have their own traditional music. Quebec's most popular artists of the last century include the singers [[Félix Leclerc]], [[Gilles Vigneault]], [[Kate and Anna McGarrigle]] and [[Céline Dion]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Donald|last=Loignon|title=Répertoire des artistes québécois|url=http://www.repertoiredesartistesquebecois.org/index2.asp|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213504/http://www.repertoiredesartistesquebecois.org/index2.asp|archivedate=July 27, 2011|accessdate=July 6, 2011|publisher=DLP multimédia|language=fr}}</ref> The [[ADISQ|Association québécoise de l'industrie du disque, du spectacle et de la vidéo]] (ADISQ) was created in 1978 to promote the music industry in Quebec.<ref>{{cite web|author=ADISQ|title=Notre raison d'être, c'est la musique de votre quotidien|url=http://www.adisq.com/assoc-profil.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718175149/http://www.adisq.com/assoc-profil.html|archivedate=July 18, 2011|accessdate=June 23, 2011|publisher=Association québécoise de l'industrie du disque, du spectacle et de la vidéo}}</ref> The [[Orchestre symphonique de Québec]] and the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]] are respectively associated with the Opéra de Québec and the Opéra de Montreal whose performances are presented at the [[Grand Théâtre de Québec]] and at [[Place des Arts]]. The ''Ballets Jazz de Montreal'', the ''Grands Ballets'' and [[La La La Human Steps]] are three important professional troupes of [[contemporary dance]].

Among the theatre troupes are the [[Compagnie Jean-Duceppe]], the ''Théâtre La Rubrique'', and the Théâtre Le Grenier. In addition to the network of cultural centres in Quebec,<ref>{{cite web|title=Centres culturels au Québec|url=http://www.quebecvacances.com/centre-culturel|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715134916/http://www.quebecvacances.com/centre-culturel|archivedate=July 15, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2011|website=Quebecvacances.com|language=fr}}</ref> the venues include the [[Monument-National]] and the ''Rideau Vert'' (green curtain) Theatre in Montreal, and the ''Trident'' Theatre in [[Quebec City]]. The [[National Theatre School of Canada]] and the [[Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec]] form the future players.

[[File:Dralion-Vienna.jpg|thumb|The show ''Dralion'', Cirque du Soleil, introduced in 2004]]
Several circus troupes were created in recent decades, the most important being the [[Cirque du Soleil]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Cirque du Soleil|title=Cirque du Soleil Inc.|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Cirque-du-Soleil-Inc-Company-History.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823105400/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Cirque-du-Soleil-Inc-Company-History.html|archivedate=August 23, 2011|accessdate=June 27, 2011|work=Company history|publisher=Funding Universe}}</ref> Among these troops are contemporary, travelling and on-horseback circuses, such as [[Les 7 Doigts de la Main]], [[Cirque Éloize]], [[Cavalia]], ''Kosmogonia'', ''Saka'' and Cirque ''Akya''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tellier, Chantal|title=Le fabuleux destin du cirque québécois|url=http://www.ellequebec.com/societe/fabuleux-destin-du-cirque-quebecois/a/25816|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912020849/http://www.ellequebec.com/societe/fabuleux-destin-du-cirque-quebecois/a/25816|archivedate=September 12, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011|work=ELLE Québec|language=fr}}</ref> The [[École nationale de cirque|National Circus School]] and the ''École de cirque de Québec'' were created to train future [[Contemporary circus]] artists. ''[[Tohu, la Cité des Arts du Cirque]]'' was founded in 2004 to disseminate the circus arts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tohu.ca/en/TOHU/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706205825/http://www.tohu.ca/en/TOHU/|archivedate=July 6, 2011|accessdate=June 27, 2011|title=Historic and mission|publisher=Tohu}}</ref>

Comedy is a vast [[Comedy in Quebec|cultural sector]]. Quebec has created and is home to several different comedy festivals, including the [[Just for Laughs]] festival in Montreal, as well as the Grand Rire festivals of Quebec, Gatineau and Sherbrooke.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bonjourquebec.com/fr-ca/quoi-faire/festivals-et-evenements |title=Festivals et evenements|publisher=Bonjour Quebec|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> The ''Association des professionnels de l'industrie de l'humour'' (APIH) is the main organization for the promotion and development of the cultural sector of humour in Quebec and the {{ill|National School of Humour|fr|École nationale de l'humour}}, created in 1988, trains future humorists in Quebec.

===Media===
{{Main|Cinema of Quebec|Television in Quebec}}
The [[Cinémathèque québécoise]] has a mandate to promote the film and television heritage of Quebec. The [[National Film Board of Canada]] (NFB), a federal Crown corporation, provides for the same mission in Canada. The Association of Film and Television in Quebec (APFTQ) promotes independent production in film and television.<ref>{{cite web|title=L'Association des producteurs de films et de télévision du Québec|url=http://www.apftq.qc.ca/fr/apftq/mission.asp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706201401/http://www.apftq.qc.ca/fr/apftq/mission.asp|archivedate=July 6, 2011|accessdate=June 25, 2011|publisher=APFTQ}}</ref> While the Association of Producers and Directors of Quebec (APDQ) represents the business of filmmaking and television, the Association of Community Radio Broadcasters of Quebec (ARCQ) (French acronym) represents the independent radio stations.<ref>{{cite web|author=ARCQ|title=L'Association des radiodiffuseurs communautaires du Québec, historique|url=http://radiovision.ca/arcq/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202316/http://radiovision.ca/arcq/|archivedate=July 6, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011|publisher=RadioVision|language=fr}}</ref> Several movie theatres across Quebec ensure the dissemination of Quebec cinema. With its cinematic installations, such as the ''Cité du cinéma'' and ''Mel's'' studios, the city of Montreal is home to the filming of various productions.<ref>{{cite web|author=La Cité du cinéma|title=La Cité du Cinéma|url=http://www.micheltrudel.tv/index.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031001192505/http://www.micheltrudel.tv/index.html|archivedate=October 1, 2003|accessdate=July 14, 2011|publisher=Mel's Cité du cinéma}}</ref> The state corporation [[Télé-Québec]], the federal Crown corporation [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]], general and specialized private channels, networks, independent and community radio stations broadcast the various [[Téléroman|Quebec téléromans]], the national and regional news, and other programming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission Télé-Québec|url=http://www.telequebec.tv/corporatif/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707165150/http://www.telequebec.tv/corporatif/|archivedate=July 7, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011|publisher=Télé-Québec|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About CBC/Radio-Canada|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/about/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709072730/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/about/|archivedate=July 9, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011|publisher=CBC corporation}}</ref> [[Les Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois]] is a festival surrounding the ceremony of the [[Jutra Award]]s Night that rewards work and personalities of Quebec cinema.<ref>{{cite web|author=La soirée des Jutra|title=La soirée des Jutra – À propos de nous|url=http://www.lesjutra.ca/apropos.php|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309204726/http://www.lesjutra.ca/apropos.php|archivedate=March 9, 2010|accessdate=July 14, 2011|publisher=Radio-Canada|language=fr}}</ref> The Artis and the [[Gemini Awards]] gala recognize the personalities of television and radio industry in Quebec and French Canada. The ''Film Festival of the 3 Americas'', the ''Festival of International Short Film'', the [[Montreal World Film Festival|World Film Festival]] and the [[Festival du Nouveau Cinéma|Festival of New Cinema]] are other annual events surrounding the film industry in Quebec.

Popular comedy shows include ''Cré Basile, Le zoo du Capitaine Bonhomme, Lundi des Ha! Ha !, Démons du midi, [[La petite vie]], [[Les Bougon]]'', and ''Le sketch show''. There are also many comedy and cartoon shows created for children, such as ''La boîte à surprise, [[Bobino]], Le pirate Maboule, [[Fanfreluche]], La Ribouldingue, Les 100 Tours de Centour, Patofville, [[Passe-Partout]], [[Robin et Stella]], [[Iniminimagimo]], Vazimolo, Télé-Pirate, [[Bibi et Geneviève]], [[Watatatow]], [[Caillou]], Cornemuse, Macaroni tout garni, [[Toc toc toc]], Ramdam'', and ''Tactik''.

In the realm of literature and international publishing, the ''Québec Édition'' group is a committee created by the National Association of Book Editors dedicated to the international influence of French-language publishings from Quebec and Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Québec édition|url=https://www.anel.qc.ca/quebec-edition/accueil/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|publisher=Association nationale des éditeurs de livres/Québec Édition}}</ref>

===Literature and folklore===
{{Main|Quebec literature|Folklore of Quebec}}
[[File:La_Chasse-galerie_(1906).jpg|thumb|''La [[chasse-galerie]]'' (1906) by [[Henri Julien]], showing a scene from a popular Quebec folk legend.]]
Quebec's French-speaking populace has the second largest body of folktales in Canada (the first being [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Fowke|first=Edith|title=Canadian Folklore|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1988|isbn=0-19-540671-0|page=34}}</ref> When the early settlers arrived from France in the 17th century, they brought with them popular tales from their homeland, which were adapted to the local context. Many were passed on through generations by ''raconteurs'', or storytellers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenough|first=William P.|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924105761831|title=Canadian Folk-Life and Folk-Lore|publisher=George H. Richmond|year=1897}}</ref> Almost all of the stories native to Quebec were influenced by Christian [[dogma]] and [[superstitions]]. The [[Devil]], for instance, appears often as either a person, an animal or monster, or indirectly through Demonic acts.<ref name="Chiasson2">{{cite book|last=Chiasson|first=Père Anselme|title=Les Légendes des îles de la Madeleine|publisher=Éditions des Aboiteaux|year=1969}}</ref> Various tales and stories are told through oral tradition, such as, among many others, the legends of the ''[[Bogeyman]]'', the ''[[Chasse-galerie]]'', the ''Black Horse of Trois-Pistoles'', the ''Complainte de Cadieux'', the ''[[Marie-Josephte Corriveau|Corriveau]]'', the ''dancing devil of Saint-Ambroise'', the ''[[Édouard Beaupré|Giant Beaupré]]'', the ''monsters of the lakes [[Lake Pohenegamook|Pohénégamook]]'' and ''[[Lake Memphremagog|Memphremagog]]'', of ''[[Quebec Bridge]]'' (called the Devil's Bridge), the ''[[Rocher Percé]]'' and of ''Rose Latulipe'', for example.{{sfn|Dupont|2008}}

From New France, Quebec literature was first developed in the travel accounts of explorers. The ''Moulin à paroles'' traces the great texts that have shaped the history of Quebec. The first to write the history of Quebec, since its discovery, was the historian [[François-Xavier Garneau]]. Many [[List of Quebec writers|Quebec poets]] and prominent authors marked their era and today remain anchored in the collective imagination, like, among others, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, [[Octave Crémazie]], [[Honoré Beaugrand]], [[Émile Nelligan]], [[Lionel Groulx]], [[Gabrielle Roy]], [[Hubert Aquin]], [[Michel Tremblay]], [[Marie Laberge]], Fred Pellerin and [[Gaston Miron]]. The [[American Literary Regionalism|regional novel]] from Quebec is called ''Terroir'' novel and is a literary tradition<ref>{{cite web|title=Littérature du terroir québécois|url=http://www.litterature-quebecoise.org/terroir.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727034815/http://www.litterature-quebecoise.org/terroir.htm|archivedate=July 27, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2011|publisher=Litterature-quebecoise.org|language=fr}}</ref> specific to the province.

Popular French-language contemporary writers include [[Louis Caron]], [[Suzanne Jacob]], [[Yves Beauchemin]], and [[Gilles Archambault]]. Well-known English-language writers from Quebec include [[Leonard Cohen]], [[Mordecai Richler]], and [[Neil Bissoondath]].

===Art and architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Quebec}}
{{See also|List of art schools in Quebec}}
[[File:Daudelin-Cavalière-Québec.JPG|thumb|upright|''La Cavalière'' by [[Charles Daudelin]], 1963, installed in front of the pavilion Gérard Morisset of the Quebec National Museum of Fine Arts in [[Quebec City]]]]

The art of Quebec has developed around the specific characteristics of its landscapes and cultural, historical, social and political representations. The development of Quebec masterpieces in painting, printmaking and sculpture is marked by the contribution of artists such as [[Louis-Philippe Hébert]], [[Cornelius Krieghoff]], [[Alfred Laliberté]], [[Marc-Aurèle Fortin]], [[Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté]], [[Jean Paul Lemieux]], [[Clarence Gagnon]], Adrien Dufresne, [[Alfred Pellan]], [[Jean-Philippe Dallaire]], [[Charles Daudelin]], [[Arthur Villeneuve]], [[Jean-Paul Riopelle]], [[Paul-Émile Borduas]] and [[Marcelle Ferron]].

The fine arts of Quebec are displayed at the [[Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec|Quebec National Museum of Fine Arts]], the [[Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal|Montreal Museum of Contemporary Art]], the [[Montreal Museum of Fine Arts]], the Quebec ''Salon des métiers d'art'' and in many art galleries. The [[École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal|Montreal School of Fine Arts]] forms the [[List of Canadian artists|painters, printmakers and sculptors of Quebec]].

[[File:Maison_Routhier.JPG|thumb|''Maison Routhier'' in [[Sainte-Foy, Quebec City|Sainte-Foy]], a [[Canadien]]-style house]]
Quebec's architecture is characterized by its unique [[Canadien]]-style buildings as well as the juxtaposition of a variety of styles reflective of Quebec's history. When walking in any city or town, one can come across buildings with styles congruent to [[Classical architecture|Classical]], [[Neo-Gothic]], [[Roman architecture|Roman]], [[Neo-Renaissance]], [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]], [[Neo-classical architecture|Neo-Classical]], Québécois Neo-Classical, [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], [[Second Empire architecture|Second Empire]], [[Modern architecture|Modern]], [[Post-modern architecture|Post-modern]] or [[Skyscrapers]].

Canadien-style houses and barns were developed by the first settlers of New France along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River. These buildings are rectangular one-storey structures with an extremely tall and steep roof, sometimes almost twice as tall as the house below. Canadien-style churches also developed and served as landmarks while traversing rural Quebec.

===Heritage===
{{Main|Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory|Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec}}
{{See also|List of museums in Quebec}}

Several sites, houses and historical works reflect the cultural heritage of Quebec, such as the [[Village Québécois d'Antan]], the historical village of [[Val-Jalbert]], the [[Fort Chambly]], the national home of the Patriots, the Chicoutimi pulp mill (Pulperie de Chicoutimi), the [[Lachine Canal]] and the [[Victoria Bridge (Montreal)|Victoria Bridge]]. As of December 2011, there are 190 [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec|National Historic Sites of Canada]] in Quebec.<ref>{{cite book|title=Quebec|work=Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada|publisher=[[Parks Canada]]}}</ref> These sites were designated as being of national historic significance.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Historic Sites|author2=Monuments Board of Canada|name-list-style=amp|title=About the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada – Duties|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/clmhc-hsmbc/crit/crit2_e.asp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006084636/http://www.pc.gc.ca/clmhc-hsmbc/crit/crit2_e.asp|archivedate=October 6, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref>

Various museums tell the cultural history of Quebec, like the [[Musée de la civilisation|Museum of Civilization]], the [[Musée de l'Amérique française|Museum of French America]], the [[McCord Museum]] or the Montreal Museum of Archaeology and History in [[Pointe-à-Callière]], displaying artifacts, paintings and other remains from the past of Quebec. Notable schools include the [[Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec]], the [[National Theatre School of Canada|École nationale de théâtre du Canada]] and the [[École nationale de cirque]]. Notable public agencies to catalogue and further develop Quebec's culture include the {{lang|fr|[[Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec]]|italic=no}}, the [[Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec]] and [[Télé-Québec]]. The ''Association Quebecoise des Loisirs Folkloriques'' is an organization committed to preserving and disseminating Quebec's folklore heritage.<ref>{{cite web|title=L'Association Quebecoise des Loisirs Folkloriques|url=http://www.quebecfolklore.qc.ca/fr/index.php|accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cuisine of Quebec}}
[[File:La_Banquise_Poutine.jpg|thumb|A classic [[poutine]]]]
The traditional Quebecois cuisine descends from 16th-century [[French cuisine]], the [[fur trade]] and a history of [[hunting]]. Quebec's cuisine has also been influenced by learning from [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]], by [[English cuisine]] and by [[American cuisine]]. Quebec is most famous for its [[tourtière]], [[pâté chinois]], [[poutine]], and [[St. Catherine's taffy]] among others. "Le temps des sucres" is a period during springtime when many Quebecers go to the [[sugar shack]] (''cabane à sucre'') for a traditional meal.

Quebec is the world's biggest [[maple syrup]] producer.<ref name="bbc17">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39375257|first1=Robin |last1=Levinson-King |first2= Jessica |last2=Murphy |title=Quebec's maple syrup producers seeking global domination |publisher=BBC News |date=April 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606145949/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39375257 |archive-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> The province has a long history of producing maple syrup, and creating new [[List of foods made from maple|maple-derived products]]. Other major food products include beer, wine (including [[ice wine]] and [[ice cider]]), and cheese.

===Sports===
[[File:Boston_vs._CH_au_Centre_Bell_007.jpg|thumb|The [[Montreal Canadiens]] at the [[Bell Centre]]]]
Sports in Quebec constitutes an essential dimension of Quebec culture. [[Ice hockey]] remains the national sport. This sport was played for the first time on March 3, 1875, in Montreal and has been promoted over the years by numerous achievements, including the centenary of the [[Montreal Canadiens]].<ref>{{cite web|date=September 20, 2013|title=Un anniversaire douloureux|url=http://fr.canoe.ca/sports/nouvelles/hockey/canadiens/archives/2009/12/20091205-065501.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708091949/http://fr.canoe.ca/sports/nouvelles/hockey/canadiens/archives/2009/12/20091205-065501.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 8, 2012|publisher=Fr.canoe.ca|access-date=January 1, 2011}}</ref> Other major sports include [[Canadian football]] with the [[Montreal Alouettes]], soccer with [[Club de Foot Montréal]], the [[Canadian Grand Prix|Grand Prix du Canada]] Formula 1 racing with drivers such as [[Gilles Villeneuve]] and [[Jacques Villeneuve]], and professional baseball with the former [[Montreal Expos]]. Quebec has hosted several major sporting events, including the [[1976 Summer Olympics]], the Fencing World Championships in 1967, track cycling in 1974, and the [[Transat Québec-Saint-Malo]] race created in 1984.

Quebec athletes have performed well at the [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Olympics]] over recent years. They won 12 of [[Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics|Canada's 29 medals]] at the most recent [[2018 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang (2018)]]; they won 12 of the [[Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics|27 Canadian medals]] in [[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi (2014)]]; and 9 of the [[Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics|26 Canadian medals]] in [[2010 Winter Olympics|Vancouver (2010)]].<ref>{{cite web|date=February 25, 2018|title=Who won Team Canada's 29 medals in Pyeongchang|url=https://olympic.ca/2018/02/25/who-won-team-canadas-29-medals-in-pyeongchang/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314095047/https://olympic.ca/2018/02/25/who-won-team-canadas-29-medals-in-pyeongchang/|archivedate=March 14, 2018|website=Olympic.ca}}</ref>

===Holidays and symbols===
{{Main|Symbols of Quebec}}
[[St-Jean-Baptiste Day]] is one of Quebec's biggest holidays. In 1977, the [[Quebec Parliament]] declared June 24, the day of {{lang|fr|La Saint-Jean-Baptiste}}, to be [[Quebec's National Holiday]]. {{lang|fr|La Saint-Jean-Baptiste}}, or {{lang|fr|La St-Jean}}, honours [[French Canada]]'s patron saint, [[John the Baptist]]. On this day, the song "[[Gens du pays]]", by [[Gilles Vigneault]], is often heard. The song ''[[À la claire fontaine]]''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=À la claire fontaine|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=http://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/a-la-claire-fontaine-emc/|accessdate=July 6, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806082946/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000031|archivedate=August 6, 2011|author=Plouffe, Hélène|url-status=live}}</ref> was the anthem of the [[New France]], [[Patriote movement|Patriots]] and [[French Canadian]], then replaced by ''[[O Canada]]'', but "Gens du pays" is preferred by many Quebecers to be the national anthem of Quebec.

[[National Patriots' Day]], a statutory holiday in Quebec, is also a unique public holiday, which honours the [[Patriote movement|patriotes]] with displays of the [[patriote flag]], music, public speeches, and ceremonies.<ref name="law2">{{cite periodical|title=Décret no 1322-2002 concernant la Journée nationale des Patriotes|url=http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=1&file=39585.PDF|volume=134|page=8463|accessdate=January 12, 2013|periodical=[[Gazette officielle du Québec]]|series=partie II|number=50}}</ref> ''[[Le Vieux de '37]]'' ("The Old Man of '37"), an illustration by [[Henri Julien]] that depicts a patriot of this rebellion,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://150ans150oeuvres.uqam.ca/fr/oeuvre/1970-un-vieux-de-37-de-henri-julien/#description|title=Une vieux de 37 de Henri Julien|publisher=UQAM|accessdate=September 12, 2021|archive-date=September 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917185047/https://150ans150oeuvres.uqam.ca/fr/oeuvre/1970-un-vieux-de-37-de-henri-julien/#description|url-status=dead}}</ref> is sometimes added at the centre of [[Patriote flags]]. [[Moving Day (Quebec)|Moving Day]] is a tradition where leases terminate on July 1. This creates a [[social phenomenon]] where everyone seems to be moving out at the same time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://immigrantquebec.com/fr/actualites/actualites/1er-juillet-grand-demenagement-montreal |title=Jour du grand demenagement|work=immigrantquebec.com|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref>

Other distinct holiday traditions include the [[Réveillon]], a giant feast and party which takes place during [[Christmas Eve]] and [[New Year's Eve]] and goes on until midnight. Traditional dishes like [[tourtière]] or [[Sea-pie|cipâte]] are offered, and [[rigaudon]], [[Spoon (musical instrument)|spoon]] or [[violin]] may be played.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bv.cdeacf.ca/bvdoc.php?no=23309&col=RA&format=htm |title=Le temps des fêtes au Québec|accessdate=September 12, 2021|website=cdeacf.ca}}</ref> Finally, [[April Fools' Day]] is called ''Poisson d'Avril'' ("April's Fish") because while pulling pranks is still important, there is another major tradition: sticking fish-shaped paper cutouts to people's backs without them noticing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collegecdi.ca/quebec/connectez-vous/actualites/quelles-sont-les-origines-du-poisson-d-avril/ |title=Quelles sont les origines du Poisson d'Avril|accessdate=September 12, 2021|website=collegcdi.ca}}</ref>

In 1939, the [[government of Quebec]] unilaterally ratified its [[Coat of arms of Quebec|coat of arms]] to reflect [[History of Quebec|Quebec's political history]]: French rule (gold lily on blue background), followed by British rule (lion on red background), followed by Canadian rule (maple leaves).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drapeau.gouv.qc.ca/ |website=Justice Québec|title=Drapeauet et symboles nationaux|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009212247/http://www.drapeau.gouv.qc.ca/|archivedate=October 9, 2007|language=fr}}</ref> [[Je me souviens]] ("I remember") is an official part of the coat of arms and has been the official licence plate motto since 1978, replacing the previous motto: ''La belle province'' ("the beautiful province"), still used as a nickname for the province. The [[fleur-de-lis]], one of Quebec's most common symbols, is an ancient symbol of the [[French monarchy]]. Finally, the [[Great Seal of Quebec]] is used to authenticate documents issued by the government of Quebec.

The first members of the [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society]] created the ''Carillon Sacré-Coeur'' flag, which consisted of a white cross on an azure background with white fleur-de-lis in each corner and a [[Sacred Heart#Sacred Heart imagery|Sacred Heart]] surrounded by [[Maple leaf|maple leaves]] in the centre; it was based on the French merchant flag flown by Champlain and the [[Flag of Carillon]]. The ''Carillon Sacré-Coeur'' and French merchant flag went on to be the major inspirations for creating Quebec's current flag in 1903, called the ''[[Fleurdelisé]]''. The ''Fleurdelisé'' replaced the [[Union Jack]] on Quebec's [[Parliament Building (Quebec)|Parliament Building]] on January 21, 1948.

Three new official symbols were adopted in the late 20th century:

* ''[[Iris versicolor]]'', the floral emblem of Quebec since 1999. It was chosen because it blooms around the time of Quebec's Fête nationale.<ref name="Qsymbols2">{{cite web|author=Quebec Portal|date=May 7, 2015|title=Quebec's Symbols|url=https://www.sqrc.gouv.qc.ca/representation-quebec-canada/le-quebec/symboles-en.asp|accessdate=August 27, 2020|publisher=Government of Quebec}}</ref>
* The [[snowy owl]], the avian emblem of Quebec since 1987. It was selected by the Quebec government to symbolize Quebec's winters and northern climate.<ref name="Qsymbols2" />
* The [[yellow birch]], the tree emblem of Quebec since 1993. It was picked to emphasize the importance Québécois give to the forests.<ref name="Qsymbols2" />

<gallery widths="200px" heights="155px">
File:St-Jean!042.jpg|[[St-Jean-Baptiste Day]] celebrations at Maisonneuve park in Montréal
File:Flag-of-Quebec.jpg|The [[Flag of Quebec|Fleurdelisé]] flying at [[Place d'Armes]] in Montreal
</gallery>