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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text=== Cuisine === {{main|Filipino cuisine}} [[File:Fish sinigang.jpg|thumb|alt=Chunky soup in a white bowl|A bowl of fish ''[[sinigang]]'']] From its Malayo-Polynesian origins, traditional Philippine cuisine has evolved since the 16th century. It was primarily influenced by Hispanic, [[Filipino Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], and [[American cuisine|American]] cuisines, which were adapted to the Filipino palate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Roufs |first1=Timothy G. |last2=Roufs |first2=Kathleen Smyth |encyclopedia=Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture |title=The Philippines |date=July 29, 2014 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=978-1-61069-221-2 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=M_eCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 267–268] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_eCBAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC |title=The Philippine Cookbook |date=1985 |publisher=[[Perigee Books]] |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&pg=PA12 12–14] |language=en}}</ref> Filipinos tend to prefer robust flavors,<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=De Meester |editor-first1=Fabien |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kPXurhDHsT4C |title=Wild-type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The Columbus Concept |date=January 23, 2008 |publisher=[[Humana Press]] |location=Totowa, N.J. |isbn=978-1-59745-330-1 |editor-last2=Watson |editor-first2=Ronald Ross |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kPXurhDHsT4C&pg=PA530 530]}}</ref> centered on sweet, salty, and sour combinations.<ref name="Aquino-Porter-2022">{{cite book|editor-last1=Aquino |editor-first1=Richard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldCPEAAAQBAJ |title=Tourism in the Philippines: Applied Management Perspectives |series=Perspectives on Asian Tourism |editor-last2=Porter |editor-first2=Brooke A. |date=2022 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-19-4497-0}}</ref>{{rp|page={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldCPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|name=88}}}} Regional variations exist throughout the country; rice is the general staple [[Starch#Food|starch]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Narvaez-Soriano |first=Nora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqBX_CDwVKsC |title=A Guide to Food Selection, Preparation and Preservation |edition=Revised |date=1994 |publisher=[[REX Book Store, Inc.]] |location=Manila, Philippines |isbn=978-971-23-0114-8 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=pqBX_CDwVKsC&pg=PA120 120] |language=en}}</ref> but [[Cassava-based dishes|cassava]] is more common in parts of Mindanao.<ref>{{cite report|type=Conference proceeding |editor-last1=Howeler |editor-first=R. H. |editor-last2=Kawano |editor-first2=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlrDyj0LRgQC |title=Cassava Breeding and Agronomy Research in Asia: Proceedings of a Regional Workshop Held in Rayong, Thailand, Oct. 26–28, 1987 |date=1988 |publisher=[[International Center for Tropical Agriculture|CIAT]] |location=Cali, Colombia |oclc=19544717 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JlrDyj0LRgQC&pg=PA261 261] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |type=Conference proceeding |last1=Bacusmo |first1=Jose L. |editor-last1=Howeler |editor-first1=Reinhardt H. |editor-last2=Tan |editor-first2=Swee Lian |title=Cassava's Potential in Asia in the 21st Century: Present Situation and Future Research and Development Needs: Proceedings of the Sixth Regional Workshop held in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Feb. 21–25, 2000 |date=2001 |publisher=[[International Center for Tropical Agriculture|CIAT Cassava Office for Asia]] |location=Bangkok, Thailand |isbn=<!-- ISBN unspecified --> |oclc=49746198 |page=87 |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/56519/cassavas_potential_in_asia.pdf?sequence=1#page=92 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811055627/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/56519/cassavas_potential_in_asia.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |chapter=Status and Potentials of the Philippines Cassava Industry |via=CGSpace}}</ref> [[Philippine adobo|Adobo]] is the unofficial national dish.<ref>{{cite book|last=Zibart |first=Eve |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MEfv2p2JP4C&pg=PT313 |title=The Ethnic Food Lover's Companion: Understanding the Cuisines of the World |date=February 1, 2010 |publisher=Menasha Ridge Press |location=Birmingham, Ala. |isbn=978-0-89732-775-6 |language=en}}</ref> Other [[List of Philippine dishes|popular dishes]] include ''[[lechón]]'', ''[[kare-kare]]'', ''[[sinigang]]'',<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Cator |first=Currie |date=January 29, 2022 |title=Sinigang is world's best soup again; Lumpia among top side dishes |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/1/29/Sinigang-Lumpia-Taste-Atlas-Awards-2021.html |access-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129105341/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2022/1/29/Sinigang-Lumpia-Taste-Atlas-Awards-2021.html |archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref> ''[[pancit]]'', ''[[lumpia]]'', and ''[[arroz caldo]]''.<ref name="Anderson-2018">{{cite book|last1=Anderson |first1=E. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5C8DwAAQBAJ |title=Asian Cuisines: Food Culture from East Asia to Turkey and Afghanistan |last2=Buell |first2=Paul D. |last3=Goldstein |first3=Darra |editor-last1=Christensen |editor-first1=Karen |date=2018 |publisher=[[Berkshire Publishing Group]] |location=Great Barrington, Mass. |isbn=978-1-61472-846-7 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=A5C8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 80] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Zhao |editor-first1=Xiaojian |editor-last2=Park |editor-first2=Edward J. W. |encyclopedia=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History |volume=I: A–F |title=Filipino Cuisine in the United States |date=November 26, 2013 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood]] |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=978-1-59884-240-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA409 409] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Cheung |editor-first1=Sidney |editor-last2=Wu |editor-first2=David Y. H. |title=Globalization of Chinese Food |date= 2012 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-136-00294-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3qrfsWaV5j0C&pg=PA186 186] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qrfsWaV5j0C|language=en}}</ref> [[List of Philippine desserts|Traditional desserts]] are {{lang|fil|kakanin}} ([[rice cake]]s), which include ''[[puto (food)|puto]]'', ''[[suman (food)|suman]]'', and ''[[bibingka]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=De Villa |first1=Bianca Denise M. |last2=Domingo |first2=Thea Mari M. |last3=Ramirez |first3=Rhema Jenica C. |last4=Mercado |first4=Jame Monren T. |title=Explicating the culinary heritage significance of Filipino kakanin using bibliometrics (1934–2018) |journal=International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science |date=June 2022 |volume=28 |doi=10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100522 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878450X22000579 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |at=Abstract; Selection and study site; Findings |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |s2cid=247901604 |issn=1878-450X |via=[[ScienceDirect]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Ang |editor-first1=Catharina Y. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4cTXJYTE4QC |title=Asian Foods: Science and Technology |editor-last2=Liu |editor-first2=Keshun |editor-last3=Huang |editor-first3=Yao-Wen |date=April 5, 1999 |publisher=Technomic Publishing Co. |location=Lancaster, Pa. |isbn=978-1-56676-736-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=C4cTXJYTE4QC&pg=PA474 474] |language=en}}</ref> Ingredients such as [[calamansi]],<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Ling |editor-first1=Huping |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PFnBwAAQBAJ |encyclopedia=Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia |title=Restaurants and Cuisine, Filipino American |editor-last2=Austin |editor-first2=Allan W. |date=2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon, England |isbn=978-1-317-47645-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0PFnBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 303] |language=en |editor-link1=Huping Ling}}</ref> ''[[Ube halaya|ube]]'',<ref>{{cite book|last=Manabat |first=Rudolf Vincent T. |title=Baking Secrets |date=September 14, 2020 |publisher=[[Anvil Publishing, Inc.]] |location=Mandaluyong, Philippines |isbn=978-971-27-3623-0 |language=en |chapter=Filipino Desserts |access-date=March 10, 2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ub9DwAAQBAJ |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ub9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68}}</ref> and ''[[Canarium ovatum|pili]]'' are used in Filipino desserts.<ref>{{cite book|last=Duke |first=James A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va3ED4zwXGIC |title=Handbook of Nuts |series=Herbal Reference Library |date=November 10, 2000 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |location=Boca Raton, Fla. |isbn=978-0-8493-3637-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Va3ED4zwXGIC&pg=PA67 67] |language=en |author-link1=James A. Duke}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=July 13, 2017 |title=Pili—The Delicious, Healthy Nut You've Never Heard Of |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/pili-nuts-what-you-need-to-know |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714040519/https://www.vogue.com/article/pili-nuts-what-you-need-to-know |archive-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref> The generous use of [[Philippine condiments|condiments]] such as ''[[patis (sauce)|patis]]'', ''[[bagoong]]'', and ''[[Soy sauce#Filipino|toyo]]'' impart a distinctive Philippine flavor.<ref name="Anderson-2018" /><ref name="Aquino-Porter-2022" />{{rp|page={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldCPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|name=73}}}} Unlike other East or Southeast Asian countries, most Filipinos do not eat with [[chopsticks]]; they use spoons and forks.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cruz |first1=Gemma Tulud |title=An Intercultural Theology of Migration: Pilgrims in the Wilderness |date=2010 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-19367-3 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NOF5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 22–23] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOF5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |language=en |location=Leiden, Netherlands}}</ref> Traditional eating with the fingers<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Lowry |first=Dave |date=January 6, 2016 |title=Hand-to-Mouth Combat: Experiencing a Kamayan Dinner at Hiro Asian Kitchen |work=[[St. Louis Magazine]] |url=https://www.stlmag.com/dining/hand-to-mouth-combat-experiencing-a-kamayan-dinner-at-hiro-asian-kitchen/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011949/https://www.stlmag.com/dining/hand-to-mouth-combat-experiencing-a-kamayan-dinner-at-hiro-asian-kitchen/ |archive-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> (known as {{lang|fil|[[kamayan]]}}) had been used in less urbanized areas,<ref>{{cite book|last=Zibart |first=Eve |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicfoodlovers0000ziba |title=The Ethnic Food Lover's Companion: Understanding the Cuisines of the World |publisher=Menasha Ridge Press |location=Birmingham, Ala. |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-89732-372-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|pages={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y6vTun3i4NQC&pg=PA266|name=266–268, <!--Estimate--> 277}}}} but has been popularized with the introduction of Filipino food to foreigners and city residents.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bender |first1=Daniel E. |last2=De Leon |first2=Adrian |title=Everybody was boodle fighting: military histories, culinary tourism, and diasporic dining |journal=[[Food, Culture & Society]] |publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]] |date=January 2018 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=36–37 |doi=10.1080/15528014.2017.1398469 |s2cid=158465429 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321976928 |access-date=June 21, 2023 |issn=1552-8014 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IzXRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT35 |title=Authentic Recipes from the Philippines: 81 Easy and Delicious Recipes from the Pearl of the Orient |date=March 13, 2012 |publisher=[[Periplus Editions]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-1-4629-0533-1}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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