Manchester

==Media==
{{Main|Media in Manchester}}
{{See also|List of television programmes set, produced or filmed in Manchester|Films set in Manchester|List of national radio programmes made in Manchester}}

===Print===
[[File:Express Building Manchester.jpg|thumb|The 1930s [[Daily Express Building, Manchester|Daily Express Building]], Manchester, a remnant of Britain's "second Fleet Street"]]
<!-- Newspaper -->
''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper was founded in the city in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian''. Until 2008, its head office was still in the city, though many of its management functions were moved to London in 1964.<ref name="Kidd"/><ref name="guardian-timeline">{{cite web |author=Guardian Staff |title=Key moments in The Guardian's history: a timeline |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/2002/jun/11/1 |website=The Guardian |access-date=28 July 2020 |date=16 November 2017}}</ref> For many years most national newspapers had offices in Manchester: ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', ''[[Daily Express]]'', ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]''. At its height, 1,500 journalists were employed, earning the city the nickname "second [[Fleet Street]]". In the 1980s the titles closed their northern offices and centred their operations in London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterhouse |first=Robert |title=The Other Fleet Street |publisher=First Edition Limited |year=2004 |isbn= 1-84547-083-4}}</ref>

The main regional newspaper in the city is the ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'', which was for over 80 years the sister publication of ''The Manchester Guardian''.<ref name="guardian-timeline" /> The ''Manchester Evening News'' has the largest circulation of a UK regional evening newspaper and is distributed free of charge in the city centre on Thursdays and Fridays, but paid for in the suburbs. Despite its title, it is available all day.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/aug/30/pressandpublishing.abcs1 |title=Paid-for sales of MEN slump |access-date= 6 October 2008 |last=Sweney |first=Mark |date=30 August 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110081617/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/aug/30/pressandpublishing.abcs1 |archive-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Several local weekly free papers are distributed by the MEN group. The ''[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]] North West'' is available free at [[Manchester Metrolink|Metrolink]] stops, rail stations and other busy locations. 
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merrymedia.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2881&Itemid=175 |title=M.E.N. Makes Changes To Metro Distribution |access-date=6 October 2008 | date=9 March 2007| work=Merry Media News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022154944/http://www.merrymedia.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2881&Itemid=175 |archive-date=22 October 2007}}<br /> {{cite web |url= http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/newspapers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812015752/http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/newspapers/ |archive-date=12 August 2011 |title=manchester local press |access-date=6 November 2007 |year=2007 |work=ManchesterOnline |publisher=GMG Regional Digital}}</ref>

An attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, the ''North West Times'', employing journalists made redundant by other titles, closed in 1988.<ref name=newpapers/> Another attempt was made with the ''[[North West Enquirer]]'', which hoped to provide a true "regional" newspaper for the [[North West England|North West]], much in the same vein as the ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' does for [[Yorkshire]] or ''[[The Northern Echo]]'' does for the [[North East England|North East]]; it folded in October 2006.<ref name="newpapers">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/new-quality-weekly-for-manchester-is-a-good-idea-on-paper-5544495.html |title=New quality weekly for Manchester is a good idea on paper |access-date=6 October 2008 |last=Herbert |first=Ian |date= 30 January 2006 |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent News and Media Limited |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222102200/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/new-quality-weekly-for-manchester-is-a-good-idea-on-paper-5544495.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |url= http://www.nw-enquirer.co.uk/the_enquirer_suspends_publication_.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226214918/http://www.nw-enquirer.co.uk/the_enquirer_suspends_publication_.html |title=The Enquirer suspends publication |access-date=6 October 2008 |archive-date=26 February 2007 |last=Waterhouse |first=Robert |date=20 September 2006 |work=The North West Enquirer }}</ref>

===Television===
<!-- TV & film -->
[[File:Granada TV.jpg|thumb|Granada Studios, the former headquarters of Granada Television]]
Manchester has been a centre of [[Television in the United Kingdom|television broadcasting]] since the 1950s. A number of television studios have been in operation around the city, and have since relocated to [[MediaCityUK]] in neighbouring Salford.

The [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] franchise [[ITV Granada|Granada Television]] has been based in Manchester since 1954. Now based at MediaCityUK, the company's former headquarters at [[Granada Studios]] on [[Quay Street]] with its distinctive illuminated sign were a prominent landmark on the Manchester skyline for several decades.<ref>{{cite news |title=£1bn vision for former ITV site revealed |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/1bn-vision-former-itv-site-8004809 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201135241/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/1bn-vision-former-itv-site-8004809 |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Skillset">{{cite web |url=http://www.skillset.org/uploads/pdf/asset_3933.pdf?3 |title=The creative media industries and workforce in North West England |publisher=skillset.org |year=2008 |access-date=6 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113021242/http://www.skillset.org/uploads/pdf/asset_3933.pdf?3 |archive-date=13 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ITV removes famous Granada sign from Manchester studios |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/itv-removes-famous-granada-sign-899669 |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=Manchester Evening News |date=26 September 2010}}</ref> Granada produces ''[[Coronation Street]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Little |first=Daran |title=The Coronation Street Story |year=1995 |publisher=Boxtree |location=London |isbn=1-85283-464-1 |page=6 |quote=Coronation Street is without doubt the most successful television programme in the world.... what is today the world's longest running drama serial.}}</ref> local news and programmes for North West England. Although its influence has waned, Granada had been described as "the best commercial television company in the world".<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary – David Plowright |quote=As he himself liked to quote, not for nothing had Granada been dubbed the best commercial television company in the world |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/david-plowright-413771.html |newspaper=The Independent |date=29 August 2006 |access-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130161610/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/david-plowright-413771.html |archive-date=30 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Party People returns as presenter Rob McLoughlin celebrates thirtieth year at ITV |quote=The Financial Times was to claim that 'Granada was probably the best commercial TV company in the world' – with respect to Thames TV; LWT and our American cousins – they may have been right but when that quote was hauled over reception in Quay Street I found it both inspiring and daunting |url=http://www.how-do.co.uk/north-west-media-features/special-features/party-people-returns-as-presenter-rob-mcloughlin-celebrates-thirtieth-year-at-itv-201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419172834/http://www.how-do.co.uk/north-west-media-features/special-features/party-people-returns-as-presenter-rob-mcloughlin-celebrates-thirtieth-year-at-itv-201 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |date=25 January 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012}}</ref>

With the growth in regional television in the 1950s, Manchester became one of the [[BBC]]'s three main centres in England.<ref name="Skillset"/> In 1954, the BBC opened its first regional [[BBC Television]] studio outside London, [[Dickenson Road Studios]], in a converted Methodist chapel in [[Rusholme]]. The first edition of ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' was broadcast here on New Year's Day 1964.<ref name="TOTP">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jul/16/32 |title='Top of the Pops' shows |access-date=6 October 2008 |work=Observer Music Monthly |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=16 July 2006 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930035454/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jul/16/32 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="itsahotun-history">{{cite web |last=Lee |first=CP |author-link=CP Lee |title=Mancunian Film Company History |url=http://www.itsahotun.com/history.html |website=It's a Hot 'Un |access-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120204633/http://www.itsahotun.com/history.html |archive-date=20 January 2012 |date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
From 1975, BBC programmes including ''[[Mastermind (television)|Mastermind]]'',<ref name="BBC programs">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/speeches/stories/bennett_manch.shtml |title=Championing sustainable TV production in the nations and regions |access-date=6 October 2008 |publisher=BBC |date=23 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061224172214/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/speeches/stories/bennett_manch.shtml |archive-date=24 December 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[Real Story]]'',<ref name="BBC real story">{{cite press release |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/11_november/15/real.shtml |title=BBC One's Real Story with Fiona Bruce series comes to end in 2007 |access-date=6 October 2008 |publisher=BBC |date=15 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229023321/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/11_november/15/real.shtml |archive-date=29 February 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> were made at [[New Broadcasting House (Manchester)|New Broadcasting House]] on [[Oxford Road, Manchester|Oxford Road]]. The ''Cutting It'' series set in the city's Northern Quarter and ''[[The Street (BBC series)|The Street]]'' were set in Manchester<ref>{{cite news |title=International Emmys Awards to honor Al Gore |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-11-18-al-gore_N.htm |date=19 November 2007 |access-date=6 October 2008 |work=USA Today |first=Charles J. |last=Gans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018053409/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-11-18-al-gore_N.htm | archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> as was ''[[Life on Mars (UK TV series)|Life on Mars]]''. Manchester was the regional base for [[BBC One]] North West Region programmes before it relocated to MediaCityUK in nearby [[Salford Quays]].<ref name="NWT">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/media/tv-and-radio.html |title=Television & Radio Stations in Manchester |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Manchester 2002 UK |year=2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922233804/http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/media/tv-and-radio.html |archive-date=22 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="Media city">{{cite web |url=http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=2464 |title=BBC R&D to relocate to Salford Quays |access-date=6 October 2008| publisher=Digital TV Group |date=1 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206144955/http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=2464 |archive-date=6 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}<br /> {{Cite press release |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/05_may/31/salford.shtml |title=BBC move to Salford gets green light |access-date=6 October 2008 |publisher=BBC |date=31 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222043534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/5_may/31/salford.shtml |archive-date=22 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Manchester television channel, [[Channel M]], owned by the [[Guardian Media Group]] operated from 2000, but closed in 2012.<ref name="Skillset"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/16/manchester-channel-m-closes |title=Manchester's Channel M closes after 12 years |first=John |last=Plunkett |work=The Guardian |date=16 April 2012 |access-date=8 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928020000/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/16/manchester-channel-m-closes |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manchester is also covered by two internet television channels: Quays News and Manchester.tv. The city had a new terrestrial channel from January 2014 when YourTV Manchester, which won the OFCOM licence bid in February 2013. It began its first broadcast, but in 2015, [[That's Manchester]] took over to air on 31 May and launched the freeview channel 8 service slot, before moving to channel 7 in April 2016.

===Radio===
<!-- Radio -->
The city has the highest number of local radio stations outside London, including [[BBC Radio Manchester]], [[Hits Radio Manchester]], [[Capital Manchester and Lancashire]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West]], [[Heart North West]], [[Smooth North West]], [[Gold (British radio network)|Gold]], [[Radio X (United Kingdom)|Radio X]], NMFM (North Manchester FM) and [[XS Manchester]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northwestradio.info/fm/ |publisher=northwestradio.info |year=2005 |access-date=8 November 2007 |title=A Guide to Radio Stations in and Around North West England |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604082058/http://www.northwestradio.info/fm/ |archive-date=4 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ofcomradio/> Student radio stations include [[Fuse FM]] at the University of Manchester and MMU Radio at the Manchester Metropolitan University.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fusefm.co.uk/ |title=FUSE FM – Manchester Student Radio |access-date=6 October 2008 |work=fusefm.co.uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919151313/http://www.fusefm.co.uk/ |archive-date=19 September 2008}}</ref> A [[community radio]] network is coordinated by Radio Regen, with stations covering [[Ardwick]], [[Longsight]] and [[Levenshulme]] ([[All FM]] 96.9) and [[Wythenshawe]] (Wythenshawe FM 97.2).<ref name="ofcomradio">See [http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/ Radio] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016155741/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/ |date=16 October 2013}} at the [[Ofcom]] web site and subpages, especially the [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/amfm/analogue-main.htm directory of analogue radio stations] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721102657/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/amfm/analogue-main.htm |date=21 July 2011}}, the map{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radio/ifi/rbl/formats/acrm_styles.pdf |title=Commercial Radio Styles |access-date=14 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304085205/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radio/ifi/rbl/formats/acrm_styles.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2009}} (PDF), and the map{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radio/ifi/rbl/formats/crmmap.pdf |title=Community Radio in the UK |access-date=14 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414200018/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radio/ifi/rbl/formats/crmmap.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2010}} (PDF). Retrieved on 6 November 2007.</ref> Defunct radio stations include [[Sunset 102]], which became [[Kiss 102]], then [[Galaxy Manchester]], and KFM which became Signal Cheshire (later [[Imagine FM]]). These stations and [[pirate radio]] played a significant role in the city's [[house music]] culture, the [[Madchester]] scene.