Czech Republic

=== Film ===
{{Main|Cinema of the Czech Republic}}
[[File:Filmový uzel Zlín, Hermína Týrlová (1).jpg|thumb|[[Hermína Týrlová]], animator and film director]]
The tradition of Czech cinematography started in the second half of the 1890s. Peaks of the production in the era of silent movies include the historical drama ''The Builder of the Temple'' and the social and erotic drama ''Erotikon'' directed by [[Gustav Machatý]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openculture.com/2015/06/gustav-machatys-erotikon-1929-ekstase-1933-cinemas-earliest-explorations-of-womens-sensuality.html|title=Gustav Machatý's Erotikon (1929) & Ekstase (1933): Cinema's Earliest Explorations of Women's Sensuality|work=Open Culture|access-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125180430/http://www.openculture.com/2015/06/gustav-machatys-erotikon-1929-ekstase-1933-cinemas-earliest-explorations-of-womens-sensuality.html|archive-date=25 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The early Czech [[sound film]] era was productive, above all in mainstream genres, with the comedies of [[Martin Frič]] or [[Karel Lamač]]. There were dramatic movies sought internationally.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

[[Hermína Týrlová]] was a prominent Czech animator, screenwriter, and film director. She was often called the mother of Czech animation. Over the course of her career, she produced over 60 animated children's short films using puppets and the technique of stop motion animation.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

Before the German occupation, in 1933, filmmaker and animator {{ill|Irena Dodalová|cs}} established the first Czech animation studio "IRE Film" with her husband Karel Dodal.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

After the period of Nazi occupation and early communist official dramaturgy of socialist realism in movies at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s with fewer exceptions such as ''[[Krakatit]]'' or ''Men without wings'' (awarded by {{Lang|fr|[[Palme d'Or]]|italic=no}} in 1946), an era of the Czech film began with animated films, performed in anglophone countries under the name "The Fabulous World of Jules Verne" from 1958, which combined acted drama with animation, and [[Jiří Trnka]], the founder of the modern puppet film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czech.cz/en/About-CZ/Facts-about-the-Czech-Republic/History-of-Czech-cinematography|title=History of Czech cinematography|access-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128180327/http://www.czech.cz/en/About-CZ/Facts-about-the-Czech-Republic/History-of-Czech-cinematography|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> This began a tradition of animated films (''[[Mole (Zdeněk Miler character)|Mole]]'' etc.).

[[File:Milos Forman.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Oscar-winning director [[Miloš Forman]]]]

In the 1960s, the hallmark of [[Czechoslovak New Wave]]'s films were improvised [[dialogue]]s, [[Black comedy|black]] and [[absurdity|absurd]] humor and the occupation of non-actors. Directors are trying to preserve natural atmosphere without refinement and artificial arrangement of scenes. A personality of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s with original manuscript and psychological impact is [[František Vláčil]]. Another international author is [[Jan Švankmajer]], a filmmaker and artist whose work spans several media. He is a self-labeled [[surrealism|surrealist]] known for animations and features.<ref>{{cite news|title= Brooding Cartoons From Jan Svankmajer|newspaper= LA Times|date= 19 July 1991|url= https://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-19/entertainment/ca-2291_1_political-cartoon|access-date= 24 August 2010|first= Charles|last= Solomon|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120715025024/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-19/entertainment/ca-2291_1_political-cartoon|archive-date= 15 July 2012|url-status=live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[Barrandov Studios]] in Prague are the largest film studios with film locations in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=KFTV|url=http://www.kftv.com/country/Czech_Republic/guide/general|publisher=Wilmington Publishing and Information Ltd|access-date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234358/http://www.kftv.com/country/Czech_Republic/guide/general|archive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Filmmakers have come to [[Prague]] to shoot scenery no longer found in Berlin, Paris and Vienna. The city of [[Karlovy Vary]] was used as a location for the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Czech Film Commission – Karlovy Vary |url=http://www.filmcommission.cz/news/detail/id/85 |publisher=Czech Film Commission |access-date=26 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234400/http://www.filmcommission.cz/news/detail/id/85 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>

The [[Czech Lion]] is the highest Czech award for film achievement. [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]] is one of the film festivals that have been given competitive status by the [[FIAPF]]. Other film festivals held in the country include [[Febiofest]], [[Jihlava International Documentary Film Festival]], [[One World Film Festival]], [[Zlín Film Festival]] and [[Fresh Film Festival]].