Buenos Aires Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===''Porteño'' identity=== {{See also|Argentines}} [[File:Homenaje a Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|''Homage to Buenos Aires'', a mural located at the [[Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground)|Carlos Gardel station]] of the [[Buenos Aires Underground]]. It represents a typical scene from the city and several of its icons, such as singer [[Carlos Gardel]], the [[Obelisk of Buenos Aires|Obelisco]], the [[Port of Buenos Aires|port]], [[Tango (dance)|tango dancing]] and the [[Abasto de Buenos Aires|Abasto market]].]] The identity of ''[[porteño]]s'' has a rich and complex history, and has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny.<ref name="blendin">{{cite web|url=http://www.argentinaindependent.com/top-5/top-5-ways-to-blend-in-as-a-porteno//|title=Top 5 Ways to Blend in as a Porteño|last=Beioley|first=Kate|date=22 August 2012|publisher=[[The Argentina Independent]]|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108082527/http://www.argentinaindependent.com/top-5/top-5-ways-to-blend-in-as-a-porteno/|archive-date=8 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[great European immigration wave to Argentina|great European immigration wave]] of the early 20th century was integral to "the growing primacy of Buenos Aires and the accompanying urban identity", and established the division between urban and rural Argentina more deeply.<ref name="LewisNouwen121">Lewis Nouwen, 2013. p.121</ref> Immigrants "brought new traditions and cultural markers to the city," which were "then reimagined in the ''porteño'' context, with new layers of meanings because of the new location."<ref name="LewisNouwen122">Lewis Nouwen, 2013. p.122</ref> The [[List of heads of state of Argentina|heads of state]]'s attempt to populate the country and reframe the [[national identity]] resulted in the concentration of immigrants in the city and its suburbs, who generated a culture that is a "product of their conflicts of [[Racial integration|integration]], their difficulties to live and their communication puzzles."<ref name="Rojas-Mix57">Rojas-Mix, 1991. p. 57</ref> In response to the immigration wave, during the 1920s and 1930s a [[nationalist]] trend within the Argentine intellectual elite glorified the [[gaucho]] figure as an exemplary [[archetype]] of Argentine culture; its synthesis with the European traditions conformed the new urban identity of Buenos Aires.<ref name="Rojas-Mix60">Rojas-Mix, 1991. p. 60</ref> The complexity of Buenos Aires' integration and identity formation issues increased when immigrants realized that their European culture could help them gain a greater social status.<ref name="Rojas-Mix61">Rojas-Mix, 1991. p. 61</ref> As the rural population moved to the industrialized city from the 1930s onwards, they reaffirmed their European roots,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/ar/cor/prj/bic/vo4/es6890875.htm|title=Identidad y migraciones: Entrevista a Alejandro Grimson|last=Pablos|first=Gustavo|publisher=[[Goethe-Institut]]|language=es|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092952/http://www.goethe.de/ins/ar/cor/prj/bic/vo4/es6890875.htm|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> adopting [[endogamy]] and founding private schools, newspapers in foreign languages, and associations that promoted adherence to their countries of origin.<ref name="Rojas-Mix61"/> ''Porteños'' are generally characterized as [[Night owl (person)|night owls]], cultured, talkative, uninhibited, sensitive, [[nostalgic]], observant and arrogant.<ref name="adventurelife"/><ref name="blendin"/> [[Argentines]] outside Buenos Aires often [[stereotype]] its inhabitants as [[egotist]] people, a feature that people from the Americas and westerners in general commonly attribute to the entire Argentine population and use as the subject of numerous jokes.<ref name="ego">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/10/151015_hay_festival_chistes_sobre_argentinos_vs|title=¿Por qué los latinoamericanos hacen tantos chistes sobre los argentinos?|last=Smink|first=Veronica|date=20 October 2015|language=es|publisher=[[BBC Mundo]]|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209094436/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/10/151015_hay_festival_chistes_sobre_argentinos_vs|archive-date=9 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for [[BBC Mundo]] Cristina Pérez felt that "the idea of the [Argentines'] vastly developed ego finds strong evidence in [[lunfardo]] dictionaries," in words such as "''engrupido''" (meaning "vain" or "conceited") and "''compadrito''" (meaning both "brave" and "braggart"), the latter being an archetypal figure of tango.<ref name="ego2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2016/04/160420_cultura_argentina_ego_complejo_inferioridad_ms|title="El problema de los argentinos es que tenemos un enorme complejo de inferioridad" (no el ego)|last=Pérez|first=Cristina|date=26 April 2016|language=es|publisher=[[BBC Mundo]]|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221002655/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2016/04/160420_cultura_argentina_ego_complejo_inferioridad_ms|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Paradoxically, ''porteños'' are also described as highly self-critical, something that has been called "the other side of the ego coin."<ref name="ego2"/> Writers consider the existence of these [[Human behavior|behaviors]] the consequence of the European immigration and prosperity that the city experienced during the early 20th century, which generated a feeling of superiority in parts of the population.<ref name="ego"/> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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