British Columbia

==Arts and culture==
{{See also|List of museums in British Columbia}}

===Visual arts===
{{See also|Northwest Coast art}}
[[File:Emily Carr - Indian Church.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|[[The Indian Church (painting)|''Church at Yuquot Village'']] by Emily Carr (1929)]]
The earliest known [[visual art]] produced in the [[Pacific Northwest]], and what would become British Columbia, was by First Nations such as the Coast Salish, Haida, Heiltsuk, and Tsimshian, among others. Such Indigenous work comes particularly in the form of [[woodcarving]], as seen in [[totem poles]], [[transformation mask]]s, and [[canoes]], as well as [[textile arts]] like [[Chilkat weaving]] and [[button blankets]]. Traditional Indigenous art of the Pacific Northwest is typically distinguished by the [[formline art|formline style]], which is defined as "continuous, flowing, curvilinear lines that turn, swell and diminish in a prescribed manner. They are used for figure outlines, internal design elements and in abstract compositions."<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northwest-coast-aboriginal-art|title=Northwest Coast Indigenous Art|author=Marjorie M. Halpin|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|publisher=[[Historica Canada]]|date=March 4, 2015|access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref>

[[Western art|Western styles and forms]] were introduced to the region through the establishment of British North American settlements in the late 18th century. Notable English-Canadian artists of 19th and early 20th century British Columbia include architect [[Francis Rattenbury]], designer [[James Blomfield]], and painter [[Emily Carr]].

Vancouver's [[art scene]] was dominated by [[lyrical abstraction]] and [[surrealist art|surrealist]] landscape painting in the mid-20th century through such artists as [[B. C. Binning]], [[Jack Shadbolt]], [[Gordon A. Smith]], [[Takao Tanabe]], [[Don Jarvis]], and [[Toni Onley]]. In the following decades, the city would undergo more artistic diversification with the emergence of [[conceptual art]], [[communication design|communication art]], [[video art]], and [[performance art]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/painting-modern-movements|title=Painting: Modern Movements|author=Ihor Holubizky|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|publisher=[[Historica Canada]]|date=March 9, 2017|access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref>

The [[Vancouver School]] of [[conceptual photography]] encompasses a cohort of Vancouver-based artists who gained notoriety in the 1980s. This school is generally considered to include artists [[Jeff Wall]], [[Ian Wallace (artist)|Ian Wallace]], [[Ken Lum]], [[Roy Arden]], [[Stan Douglas]], and [[Rodney Graham]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Modigliani |first=Leah |title=Engendering an Avant-Garde: the unsettled landscapes of Vancouver Photo-Conceptualism |date=2018 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-1-5261-0119-8 |series=Rethinking art histories |location=Manchester |pages=2}}</ref>

Vancouver maintains roughly 350 works of outdoor public art.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destinationvancouver.com/activities/sightseeing/public-art-mini-guide/|title=Public Art Mini Guide|work=Destination Vancouver|date=July 31, 2016 |access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref> Some notable works include ''[[A-maze-ing Laughter]]'', ''[[Digital Orca]]'', ''[[Girl in a Wetsuit]]'', ''[[Angel of Victory]]'', ''[[The Birds (sculpture)|The Birds]]'', and the [[Brockton Point]] totem poles.

===Performing arts===
[[File:VSO Group Portrait.jpg|thumb|The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra at the Orpheum concert hall (2019)]]
British Columbia is home to the [[Vancouver Opera]], the [[City Opera of Vancouver]], [[Ballet BC]], [[contemporary dance]] companies [[Holy Body Tattoo]], [[Kidd Pivot]], [[Jennifer Mascall|Mascall Dance Society]], and [[butoh]] dance troupe [[Kokoro Dance]].{{fact|date=February 2023}} It is also the home province for a plethora of independent [[theatre companies]], including the [[Arts Club Theatre Company]], the [[Shakespearean]] [[Bard on the Beach]], and [[Theatre Under the Stars (Vancouver)|Theatre Under the Stars]]. Performing arts venues include the [[Queen Elizabeth Theatre]], the [[Orpheum (Vancouver)|Orpheum Theatre]], and the [[Royal Theatre (Victoria, British Columbia)|Royal Theatre]], among others.{{fact|date=February 2023}}

====Music====
{{See also|Music of Vancouver}}
British Columbia is the third largest music-producing province in Canada and the local music industry generates an estimated yearly revenue of $265{{Nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.musicexportcanada.ca/canada/province/british-columbia/#:~:text=BC%20is%20the%20third%20largest,and%20many%20still%20record%20here.|title=British Columbia|work=Music Export Canada|access-date= February 7, 2023}}</ref> The province is home to the [[Vancouver Symphony Orchestra]], the [[Okanagan Symphony Orchestra]], the [[Vancouver Metropolitan Orchestra]], the [[Vancouver Youth Symphony Orchestra]], the [[Richmond Delta Youth Orchestra]], and the [[Victoria Symphony]]. Some important [[popular music]] acts include bands such as [[Spirit of the West]], [[Theory of a Deadman]], [[Trooper (band)|Trooper]], [[Gob (band)|Gob]], and [[The New Pornographers]], and solo artists such as [[Bryan Adams]], [[Carly Rae Jepsen]], [[Mac DeMarco]], [[Michael Bublé]], [[Nelly Furtado]], and [[Diana Krall]].  [[Music festivals]] in BC have included the [[Squamish Valley Music Festival]], [[Shambhala Music Festival]], and [[Pemberton Music Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Britten |first=Liam |date=2018-08-11 |title=After 20 years, Shambhala music fest going strong while others take a bow |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/shambhala-music-festival-edm-1.4781793 |access-date=2024-02-05 |work=CBC News}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
{{See also|Canadian cuisine|Cuisine of the Pacific Northwest|Rocky Mountain cuisine}}
[[File:BC Roll.jpg|thumb|The B.C. Roll is a kind of sushi containing barbecued salmon and cucumber]]
British Columbian cuisine is commonly associated with healthy living, [[fusion cuisine|fusion]], fresh local ingredients, and innovation.<ref name="Iconic Foods of British Columbia">{{cite web|url=https://www.eatthistown.ca/iconic-foods-of-canada-british-columbia/|title=Iconic Foods of British Columbia|work=Eat This Town|date=August 24, 2017 |access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> It can be divided into two broadly-defined traditions: [[Pacific Northwest cuisine|cuisine associated with the west coast]], which incorporates a variety of [[seafood]] elements, and [[Rocky Mountain cuisine|cuisine associated with the interior of the province]], which embraces local [[game meat]], [[farm-to-table]] produce, and methods of [[Curing (food preservation)|curing]] and [[Smoking (cooking)|smoking]].{{fact|date=February 2023}} Seafood is an important staple of the province's local food culture due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, as well as the region's numerous rivers and lakes. BC is known for several unique dishes and is a producer of fruit, wine, and cheese.{{fact|date=February 2023}}

Seafoods of British Columbia include [[sushi]] ([[BC roll]], [[dynamite roll]], [[California roll]]), [[dungeness crab]] (boiled, [[tacos]]), [[Pandalus platyceros|spot prawns]], wild [[pacific salmon]] (smoked, candied, [[teriyaki]], [[chowder]], [[sandwich]]), and [[halibut]] ([[baked]], lemon ginger), as well as [[delicacy|delicacies]] like [[white sturgeon]] [[caviar]] and [[geoduck]]<ref name="Must Try British Columbia Recipes">{{cite web|url=https://www.foodnetwork.ca/article/must-try-british-columbia-recipes/|title=Must Try British Columbia Recipes|work=Food Network|date=October 20, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Iconic Foods of British Columbia"/><ref name="Taste Atlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/most-popular-food-in-british-columbia|title=Most Popular Food in British Columbia|work=Taste Atlas|access-date=February 13, 2023|archive-date=February 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213215244/https://www.tasteatlas.com/most-popular-food-in-british-columbia|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Nanaimo bar detail.jpg|Nanaimo bars originate from the city of [[Nanaimo]] and consist of a crumb and nut base, [[custard]] middle, and [[ganache]] top layer|thumb]]
British Columbia is also home to numerous unique non-seafood culinary staples. Some dishes include [[Doukhobour]] [[borscht]], [[Salt Spring Island]] [[lamb (food)|lamb]], [[Japadog]] [[street food]], and [[Butter chicken]] [[pizza]]. Some unique pastries include apple cranberry [[cinnamon buns]], [[Nanaimo bars]], and Victoria creams.<ref name="Iconic Foods of British Columbia"/><ref name="Must Try British Columbia Recipes"/><ref name="British Columbia Food and Drink">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/north-america/canada/british-columbia/food-and-drink/|title=British Columbia Food and Drink|work=World Travel Guide|access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> British Columbia also produces several distinct local cheeses, such as kabritt, Castle Blue, and Comox Brie.<ref name="Taste Atlas"/> The [[London fog (beverage)|London Fog]] tea [[latte]] was invented in Vancouver and remains a popular beverage among coffee shops in the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada; it is referred to as a "Vancouver Fog" in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eatnorth.com/katelyn-marchyshyn/canadian-dyk-london-fog-tea-latte-was-invented-vancouver|title=Canadian DYK: The London Fog tea latte was invented in Vancouver|author=Katelyn Marchyshyn|date=June 9, 2020 |access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref>

The [[Okanagan]] produces many unique fruits originating from the region, including [[Ambrosia apple|Ambrosia]] and [[Spartan apple|Spartan]] apples, [[Stella cherry|Stella]] and [[Skeena cherry|Skeena]] cherries, and [[Coronation (grape)|Corontation]] grapes. Other fruits grown in the province include [[peaches]], [[pears]], [[plums]], [[apricots]], [[strawberries]], [[blackberries]], [[cranberries]], and [[loganberries]].<ref name="British Columbia Food and Drink"/>

British Columbia is renowned for its wine production. The primary wine-producing regions include the Okanagan, the [[Similkameen Valley]], Vancouver Island, the [[Gulf Islands]], and the [[Fraser Valley]]. As of November 2014, there are 280 licensed grape wineries and 929 vineyards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.winesofcanada.com/bc.html|title=British Columbia Wineries|work=Wines of Canada|access-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref>