19th century

===Europe===
* Anderson, M. S. ''The Ascendancy of Europe: 1815–1914'' (3rd ed. 2003)
* Blanning, T. C. W. ed. ''The Nineteenth Century: Europe 1789–1914'' (Short Oxford History of Europe) (2000) 320 pp
* Bruun, Geoffrey. ''Europe and the French Imperium, 1799–1814 '' (1938) [https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.183653/2015.183653.Europe-And-The-French-Imperium-1799-1814_text.pdf online].
* Cameron, Rondo. ''France and the Economic Development of Europe, 1800–1914: Conquests of Peace and Seeds of War'' (1961), awide-ranging economic and business history.
* Evans, Richard J. ''The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815–1914'' (2016), 934 pp
* Gildea, Robert. ''Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800–1914'' (3rd ed. 2003) 544 pp,  [https://www.questia.com/read/55547824/barricades-and-borders-europe-1800-1914 online 2nd ed, 1996]
* {{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-1-4039-3757-5|title=Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe|year=2003|last1=Grab|first1=Alexander|publisher=Macmillan Education UK |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-68275-3}}
* Mason, David S. ''A Concise History of Modern Europe: Liberty, Equality, Solidarity'' (2011), since 1700
* Merriman, John, and J. M. Winter, eds. ''Europe 1789 to 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire'' (5 vol. 2006)
* Steinberg, Jonathan. ''Bismarck: A Life'' (2011)
* Salmi, Hannu. ''19th Century Europe: A Cultural History'' (2008).