Wine Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Packaging == {{See also|Cork (material)|Closure (bottle)|Alternative wine closure|Wine bottle|Box wine|Canned wine|Screw cap (wine)}} [[File:Corks019.jpg|thumb|upright|Assorted [[wine cork]]s]] Most wines are sold in [[wine bottle|glass bottles]] and sealed with [[cork (material)|corks]] (50% of which come from [[Portugal]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=J. L. CALHEIROS E MENESES |date=2014-09-14 |title=The cork industry in Portugal |url=http://people.uwec.edu/ivogeler/Travel/Portugal/cork-article2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914040935/http://people.uwec.edu/ivogeler/Travel/Portugal/cork-article2.htm |access-date=2023-09-23|archive-date=14 September 2014 }}</ref> An increasing number of wine producers have been using [[Alternative wine closure|alternative closures]] such as [[Screw cap (wine)|screwcaps]] and synthetic [[plastic]] "corks". Although alternative closures are less expensive and prevent [[cork taint]], they have been blamed for such problems as excessive [[redox|reduction]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wirth |first1=J. |last2=Caillé |first2=S. |last3=Souquet |first3=J. M. |last4=Samson |first4=A. |last5=Dieval |first5=J. B. |last6=Vidal |first6=S. |last7=Fulcrand |first7=H. |last8=Cheynier |first8=V. |date=2012-06-15 |title=Impact of post-bottling oxygen exposure on the sensory characteristics and phenolic composition of Grenache rosé wines |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814611017742 |journal=Food Chemistry |series=6th International Conference on Water in Food |volume=132 |issue=4 |pages=1861–1871 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.019 |issn=0308-8146}}</ref> Some wines are packaged in thick plastic bags within [[corrugated fiberboard]] boxes, and are called "[[box wine]]s", or "cask wine". Tucked inside the package is a tap affixed to the [[bag in box]], or bladder, that is later extended by the consumer for serving the contents. Box wine can stay acceptably fresh for up to a month after opening because the bladder collapses as wine is dispensed, limiting contact with air and, thus, slowing the rate of oxidation. In contrast, bottled wine [[oxidize]]s more rapidly after opening because of the increasing ratio of air to wine as the contents are dispensed; it can degrade considerably in a few days. [[Canned wine]] is one of the fastest-growing forms of alternative wine packaging on the market.<ref name="cans">{{cite web |title=Canned Wine Comes of Age |language=en |website=Wine Spectator |date=22 May 2019 |author=Augustus Weed |url=https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523013513/https://www.winespectator.com/articles/canned-wine-comes-of-age |url-status=live }}</ref> Environmental considerations of wine packaging reveal the benefits and drawbacks of both bottled and box wines. The glass used to make bottles is a nontoxic, naturally occurring substance that is completely recyclable, whereas the plastics used for box-wine containers are typically much less environmentally friendly. However, wine-bottle manufacturers have been cited for [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]] violations. A ''New York Times'' editorial suggested that box wine, being lighter in package weight, has a reduced [[carbon footprint]] from its distribution; however, box-wine plastics, even though possibly recyclable, can be more labor-intensive (and therefore expensive) to process than glass bottles. In addition, while a wine box is recyclable, its plastic bladder most likely is not.<ref>{{cite web|last=Muzaurieta |first=Annie Bell |website=thedailygreen.com |date=1 October 2008 |url=http://www.thedailygreen.com/healthy-eating/eat-safe/glass-wine-bottles-environment-44100108 |title=Holy Hangover! Wine Bottles Cause Air Pollution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201191511/http://www.thedailygreen.com/healthy-eating/eat-safe/glass-wine-bottles-environment-44100108 |archive-date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> Some people are drawn to canned wine due to its portability and recyclable packaging.<ref name="cans" /> Some wine is sold in [[stainless steel]] kegs and is referred to as [[wine on tap]]. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page