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AdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text=== Media === {{main|Mass media in the Philippines|Cinema of the Philippines}} [[File:People's Television Network Logo (2017-present).jpg|thumb|alt=TV network logo, a multicolored triangle|People's Television Network logo]] Philippine media primarily uses Filipino and English, although [[broadcasting]] has shifted to Filipino.<ref name="Brown-Ganguly-2003" /> [[List of Philippine television shows|Television shows]], commercials, and [[Lists of Philippine films|films]] are regulated by the [[Movie and Television Review and Classification Board]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Kitley |editor-first1=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rb2AAgAAQBAJ |title=Television, Regulation and Civil Society in Asia |date=August 29, 2003 |publisher=[[RoutledgeCurzon]] |location=London, England |isbn=978-1-134-43194-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rb2AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 140] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Deocampo |first=Nick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzaWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT510 |title=Film: American Influences on Philippine Cinema |date=November 9, 2017 |publisher=[[Anvil Publishing, Inc.]] |location=Mandaluyong, Philippines |isbn=978-971-27-2896-9 |language=en |author-link=Nick Deocampo}}</ref> Most Filipinos obtain news and information from television, the Internet,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Lucas |first=Daxim L. |date=September 13, 2011 |title=Filipinos seek info on Web; rich prefer newspapers |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://technology.inquirer.net/4101/filipinos-seek-info-on-web-rich-prefer-newspapers |access-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116070555/http://technology.inquirer.net/4101/filipinos-seek-info-on-web-rich-prefer-newspapers/ |archive-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref> and [[Social media use in the Philippines|social media]].<ref name="CNNPH-SWSFacebook">{{#invoke:cite news||date=June 30, 2019 |title=SWS: Facebook next to TV as Filipinos' top source of news |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/6/30/facebook-news-source-filipino-adults.html |access-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703110139/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/6/30/facebook-news-source-filipino-adults.html |archive-date=July 3, 2019}}</ref> The country's flagship state-owned broadcast-television network is the [[People's Television Network]] (PTV).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=PTV 4 |url=https://philippines.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/ptv-4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207200937/https://philippines.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/ptv-4/ |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Media Ownership Monitor |publisher=MOM Team, [[VERA Files]], [[Reporters Without Borders]], Global Media Registry}}</ref> [[ABS-CBN]] and [[GMA Network|GMA]], both [[free-to-air]], were the dominant TV networks;<ref name="BBC-Philippines-Profile">{{#invoke:cite web||date=July 4, 2022 |title=Philippines country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15521300 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209103826/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15521300 |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |at=Media}}</ref> before the May 2020 [[ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy|expiration of ABS-CBN's franchise]], it was the country's largest network.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Gutierrez |first=Jason |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Philippine Congress officially shuts down leading broadcaster |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/world/asia/philippines-congress-media-duterte-abs-cbn.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710111029/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/world/asia/philippines-congress-media-duterte-abs-cbn.html |archive-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> [[Philippine television drama]]s, known as {{lang|fil|teleserye}}s and mainly produced by [[List of ABS-CBN original drama series|ABS-CBN]] and [[List of GMA Network original drama series|GMA]], are also seen in several other countries.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Achenbach |editor-first1=Ruth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_b_DwAAQBAJ |title=Afrasian Transformations: Transregional Perspectives on Development Cooperation, Social Mobility, and Cultural Change |series=Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies |volume=20 |date=2020 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |location=Leiden, Netherlands|isbn=978-90-04-42526-2 |editor-last2=Beek |editor-first2=Jan |editor-last3=Karugia |editor-first3=John Njenga |editor-last4=Mageza-Barthel |editor-first4=Rirhandu |editor-last5=Schulze-Engler |editor-first5=Frank |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=g_b_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA256 256] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Soliman |first1=Michelle Anne P. |date=April 10, 2022 |title=Pinoy teleseryes gain global following amid coronavirus pandemic |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/04/11/441537/pinoy-teleseryes-gain-global-following-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/ |access-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410182249/https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/04/11/441537/pinoy-teleseryes-gain-global-following-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/ |archive-date=April 10, 2022}}</ref> Local film-making [[List of Philippine films before 1940|began in 1919]] with the release of the first Filipino-produced [[feature film]]: {{lang|fil|[[Dalagang Bukid]]}} (''A Girl from the Country''), directed by [[José Nepomuceno|Jose Nepomuceno]].<ref name="Armes-1987" /><ref name="Tofighian-2006" />{{rp|page=8}} [[List of Philippine film studios|Production companies]] remained small during the [[silent film]] era, but sound films and larger productions emerged in 1933. The postwar 1940s to the early 1960s are considered a high point for Philippine cinema. The 1962–1971 decade saw a decline in quality films, although the commercial film industry expanded until the 1980s.<ref name="Armes-1987" /> Critically acclaimed Philippine films include {{lang|fil|[[Himala]]}} (''Miracle'') and {{lang|es|[[Oro, Plata, Mata]]}} (''Gold, Silver, Death''), both released in 1982.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=San Diego |first=Bayani Jr. |date=August 5, 2012 |title=Restoring Himala |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/52959/restoring-himala |access-date=October 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806083921/http://entertainment.inquirer.net/52959/restoring-himala |archive-date=August 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Plaza |first=Gerry |date=August 16, 2012 |title=May Himala! Restored film proves real global classic |work=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Philippines OMG!]] |url=http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/blogs/omgphnewsblog/may-himala-restored-film-proves-real-global-classic-013358351.html |access-date=October 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820024727/http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/blogs/omgphnewsblog/may-himala-restored-film-proves-real-global-classic-013358351.html |archive-date=August 20, 2012}}</ref> Since the turn of the 21st century, the country's film industry has struggled to compete with larger-budget foreign films<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=February 16, 2012 |title=Philippine film industry in decline |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/30455/philippine-film-industry-in-decline |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218044638/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/30455/philippine-film-industry-in-decline |archive-date=February 18, 2012}}</ref> (particularly [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood films]]).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Conde |first=Carlos H. |date=February 11, 2007 |title=A bleak storyline for the Filipino film industry |work=[[International Herald Tribune]] |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/11/yourmoney/movies12.php |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213070634/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/11/yourmoney/movies12.php |archive-date=February 13, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Malasig |first=Jeline |date=February 8, 2019 |title='We need resuscitation': Erik Matti laments state of local film industry |work=[[InterAksyon]] |url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2019/02/08/143748/erik-matti-state-philippine-movie-industry-facebook-post/ |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028083919/https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2019/02/08/143748/erik-matti-state-philippine-movie-industry-facebook-post/ |archive-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> [[Art film]]s have thrived, however, and several [[Philippine New Wave|indie film]]s have been successful domestically and abroad.<ref name="Forbes-CinemaGrowingFast">{{#invoke:cite news||last=Ramoran-Malasig |first=Carol |date=March 1, 2018 |title=Philippine Cinema Is Growing Fast, And Is Moving Away From Typical Themes Of Poverty And Violence |language=en |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/cmalasig/2018/03/01/philippine-cinema-more-than-poverty-porn-violence/?sh=726667123b5d |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230209153113/https://www.forbes.com/sites/cmalasig/2018/03/01/philippine-cinema-more-than-poverty-porn-violence/?sh=158d8b1a3b5d |archive-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Lim |editor-first1=David C. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s2aLEAAAQBAJ |title=Film in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Cultural Interpretation and Social Intervention |editor-last2=Yamamoto |editor-first2=Hiroyuki |date=March 12, 2012 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon, England |isbn=978-1-136-59247-8 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=s2aLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16 16] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Endo |first=Jun |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Philippine film foundation flipped the script for a 'dead' industry |work=[[Nikkei Asia]] |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Nikkei-Asia-Prizes/Philippine-film-foundation-flipped-the-script-for-a-dead-industry |access-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428180208/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Nikkei-Asia-Prizes/Philippine-film-foundation-flipped-the-script-for-a-dead-industry |archive-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> The Philippines has a large number of [[List of radio stations in the Philippines|radio stations]] and [[List of newspapers in the Philippines|newspapers]].<ref name="BBC-Philippines-Profile" /> English [[broadsheet]]s are popular among executives, professionals and students.<ref name="Thompson-2003" />{{rp|pages={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1h9oF9rj-MC&pg=PA233|name=233–251}}}} Less-expensive Tagalog [[tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]s, which grew during the 1990s, are popular (particularly in Manila);<ref>{{cite book|last=Kusaka |first=Wataru |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hb7WDgAAQBAJ |title=Moral Politics in the Philippines: Inequality, Democracy and the Urban Poor |series=Kyoto-CSEAS Series on Asian Studies |date=2017 |publisher=[[NUS Press]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-4722-38-4 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hb7WDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 63–65]}}</ref> however, overall newspaper readership is declining in favor of [[Social media as a news source|online news]].<ref name="CNNPH-SWSFacebook" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Mirasol |first1=Patricia B. |title=More smartphone-dependent Filipinos seek news on social media — Reuters report |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/world/2021/06/30/379239/more-smartphone-dependent-filipinos-seek-news-on-social-media-reuters-report/ |access-date=December 21, 2023 |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |date=June 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524140112/https://www.bworldonline.com/world/2021/06/30/379239/more-smartphone-dependent-filipinos-seek-news-on-social-media-reuters-report/ |archive-date=May 24, 2022}}</ref> The top three newspapers, by nationwide readership and credibility,<ref name="Thompson-2003" />{{rp|page={{plain link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VI9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233|name=233}}}} are the ''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'', ''[[Manila Bulletin]]'', and ''[[The Philippine Star]]''.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Bautista |editor-first1=Ma. Lourdes S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnUgBAAAQBAJ |title=Philippine English: Linguistic and Literary Perspectives |series=Asian Englishes Today |editor-last2=Bolton |editor-first2=Kingsley |date=November 2008 |publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]] |location=Hong Kong, China |isbn=978-962-209-947-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YnUgBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53 53]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Diaz |first1=Manuel O. Jr. |title=Sentiment Polarity Identification in Banner Headlines of Broadsheets in the Philippines |journal=Asian Journal of Media and Communication |date=December 2021 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=102, 108–109 |url=https://journal.uii.ac.id/AJMC/article/download/20642/11986/61543 |access-date=April 30, 2023 |publisher=[[Universitas Islam Indonesia]] |doi=10.20885/asjmc.vol5.iss2.art1 |s2cid=260224724 |issn=2579-6119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430013654/https://journal.uii.ac.id/AJMC/article/download/20642/11986/61543 |archive-date=April 30, 2023|doi-access=free}}</ref> Although [[freedom of the press]] is protected by the constitution,<ref>{{Cite constitution| |article=III |section=4 |polity=the Philippines |date=1987 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613221225/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/ |archive-date=June 13, 2017 |access-date=February 27, 2023 |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref> the country was listed as the seventh-most-dangerous country for journalists in 2022 by the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] due to 13 unsolved murders of journalists.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Subingsubing |first1=Krixia |last2=Santos |first2=Tina G. |date=November 4, 2022 |title=PH still among most dangerous countries for journalists |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1689131/ph-still-among-the-most-dangerous-countries-for-journalists |access-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103225817/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1689131/ph-still-among-the-most-dangerous-countries-for-journalists |archive-date=November 3, 2022}}</ref> The Philippine population are the world's top Internet users.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Lamb |first=Kate |date=February 1, 2019 |title=Philippines tops world internet usage index with an average 10 hours a day |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/01/world-internet-usage-index-philippines-10-hours-a-day |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201095445/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/01/world-internet-usage-index-philippines-10-hours-a-day |archive-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> In early 2021, 67 percent of Filipinos (73.91 million) had Internet access; the overwhelming majority used [[smartphone]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Magahis |first1=Coleen |last2=Santua |first2=James |date=June 18, 2021 |title=Filipinos' reliance on internet at an all-time high |work=[[Manila Standard]] |url=https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/ph-best-communication-service-providers/357427/filipinos-reliance-on-internet-at-an-all-time-high.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618192106/https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/ph-best-communication-service-providers/357427/filipinos-reliance-on-internet-at-an-all-time-high.html |archive-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref> The Philippines ranked 56th on the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2023,<ref>{{cite report|editor-last1=Dutta |editor-first1=Soumitra |editor-last2=Lanvin |editor-first2=Bruno |editor-last3=León |editor-first3=Lorena Rivera |editor-last4=Wunsch-Vincent |editor-first4=Sacha |url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf |title=Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty |edition=16th |date=2023 |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |doi=10.34667/tind.48220 |isbn=978-92-805-3320-0 |location=Geneva, Switzerland |page=58 |access-date=October 4, 2023 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928035340/https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |editor-link1=Soumitra Dutta |editor-link2=Bruno Lanvin |author1=(:Unas) }}</ref> up from its 2014 ranking of 100th.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Remo |first=Amy R. |date=July 19, 2014 |title=PH drops 10 places in global innovation rankings |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/174932/ph-drops-10-places-in-global-innovation-rankings |access-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815115107/https://business.inquirer.net/174932/ph-drops-10-places-in-global-innovation-rankings |archive-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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