Islam

=== Schools of jurisprudence ===
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|right|Islamic [[madh'hab|schools of law]] in the [[Muslim world]]]]
{{Main|Madhhab}}
A school of jurisprudence is referred to as a ''madhhab'' ({{lang-ar|مذهب}}). The four major Sunni schools are the [[Hanafi]], [[Maliki]], [[Shafi'i]] and [[Hanbali]] schools while the three major Shia schools are the [[Ja'fari]], [[Zaidiyyah|Zaidi]] and [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]] schools. Each differs in their methodology, called ''[[Usul al-fiqh]]'' ("principles of jurisprudence"). The conformity in following of decisions by a religious expert or school is called ''[[taqlid]]''. The term ''[[Salafi movement#Views on Taqlid (adherence to legal precedent)|ghair muqallid]]'' refers to those who do not use taqlid and, by extension, do not have a madhab.<ref>Bharathi, K. S. 1998. ''Encyclopedia of Eminent Thinkers''. p. 38.</ref> The practice of an individual interpreting law with independent reasoning is called ''[[ijtihad]]''.{{sfnp|Weiss|2002|pp=3, 161}}