Baltimore

==Economy==
Once a predominantly industrial town, with an economic base focused on steel processing, shipping, auto manufacturing (General Motors [[Baltimore Assembly]]), and transportation, Baltimore experienced [[deindustrialization]], which cost residents tens of thousands of low-skill, high-wage jobs.<ref name="Vicino 2008">{{cite book| last=Vicino| first=Thomas J.| title=Transforming Race and Class in Suburbia: Decline in Metropolitan Baltimore| year=2008| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| location=New York| isbn=978-0-230-60545-9| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxWvM9P4epoC}}</ref> Baltimore now relies on a low-wage [[service economy]], which accounts for 31% of jobs in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/news-release/occupationalemploymentandwages_baltimore.htm|title=Occupational Employment and Wages in Baltimore-Towson – May 2015 : Mid–Atlantic Information Office: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=bls.gov|access-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Hopkins| first=Jamie Smith| title='Next economy' envisioned for Baltimore region: Brookings study calls on leaders to reshape economy, reverse low-wage trend| url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/breaking/bs-bz-baltimore-next-economy-20120426,0,6740003.story| access-date=October 7, 2012| newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| date=April 26, 2012| archive-date=June 5, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605130504/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/breaking/bs-bz-baltimore-next-economy-20120426,0,6740003.story| url-status=dead}}</ref> Around the turn of the 20th century, Baltimore was the leading U.S. manufacturer of [[rye whiskey]] and [[straw hat]]s. It led in the refining of crude oil, brought to the city by pipeline from Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/14/dining/drinks/rye-whiskey-maryland.html|title=Maryland Rye Whiskey Has Finally Returned. But What Was It in the First Place?|work=The New York Times |date=February 14, 2019 | access-date=March 17, 2019|last1=Risen |first1=Clay }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F7PAAAAMAAJ&q=Baltimore+Industry&pg=PA389|title=Baltimore Industry|access-date=March 17, 2019|year=1909}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimore.org/info/baltimores-key-industries|title=Baltimore's Key Industries|work=baltimore.org|access-date=August 4, 2015}}</ref>

In March 2018, Baltimore's unemployment rate was 5.8%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/news-release/areaemployment_baltimore.htm |title=the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|work=bls..gov|access-date=September 26, 2018}}</ref> In 2012, one quarter of Baltimore residents, and 37% of Baltimore children, lived in poverty.<ref name="Kilar – 20 Sept 2012">{{cite news| last=Kilar| first=Steve| title=Baltimore's poverty rate unchanged at 1 in 4 residents: More young Marylanders insured following healthcare overhaul|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz-economic-characteristics-2011-20120918,0,1710811.story| access-date=October 7, 2012| newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| date=September 20, 2012}}</ref> The 2012 closure of a major steel plant at Sparrows Point is expected to have a further impact on employment and the local economy.<ref>{{cite news| last=Shen| first=Fern| title=Baltimore steelworkers brace for unemployment: "It's rough out there" Men and women schooled in steelmaking reflect on their future.| url=http://www.baltimorebrew.com/2012/08/20/baltimore-steelworkers-brace-for-unemployment-its-rough-out-there/| access-date=October 7, 2012| newspaper=Baltimore Brew| date=August 20, 2012}}</ref> In 2013, 207,000 workers commuted into Baltimore city each day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2013/cb13-r01.html |title=Census Bureau Reports 207,000 Workers Commute into Baltimore city, Md., Each Day |date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=May 23, 2015 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> [[Downtown Baltimore]] is the primary economic asset within Baltimore City and the region, with 29.1 million square feet of office space. The tech sector is rapidly growing as the Baltimore metro ranks 8th in the CBRE Tech Talent Report among 50 U.S. metro areas for high growth rate and number of tech professionals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbre.com/EN/aboutus/MediaCentre/2015/Pages/Top-Tech-Talent-Markets-2015.aspx |title=Demand for Tech Workers Driving Office Market Momentum, says new CBRE Report Ranking Top 50 U.S. 'Tech Talent' Markets |date=April 13, 2015 |access-date=May 23, 2015 |publisher=CBRE }}</ref> In 2013, ''Forbes'' ranked Baltimore fourth among America's "new tech hot spots".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/edgl45eldd/no-4-baltimore-towson-md/ |title=America's New Tech Hot Spots |magazine=[[Forbes]] |date=January 10, 2013 |access-date=May 23, 2015 }}</ref>

The city is home to the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]]. Other large [[:Category:Companies based in Baltimore|companies in Baltimore]] include [[Under Armour]],<ref name="UA HQ 2011">{{cite news| last=Mirabella| first=Lorraine| title=Under Armour's growth worries some neighbors: Company plans to double size of Baltimore headquarters| url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-10-14/business/bs-bz-under-armour-locust-point-20111014_1_armour-plans-growth-worries-tide-point| access-date=October 5, 2012| newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| date=October 14, 2011}}</ref> [[BRT Laboratories]], [[Cordish Company]],<ref>{{cite web| title=Company Overview of The Cordish Company, Inc.| url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=13639308| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519201707/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=13639308| archive-date=May 19, 2009| work=Real Estate Management and Development| publisher=Business Week| access-date=October 5, 2012}}</ref> [[Legg Mason]], [[McCormick & Company]], [[T. Rowe Price]], and [[Royal Farms]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Best Convenience-Store Dining: Royal Farms| url=http://www2.citypaper.com/bob/story.asp?id=1009| access-date=October 5, 2012| newspaper=CityPaper| date=September 19, 2001}}</ref> A [[sugar refinery]] owned by [[American Sugar Refining]] is one of Baltimore's cultural icons. Nonprofits based in Baltimore include [[Lutheran Services in America]] and [[Catholic Relief Services]].

Almost a quarter of the jobs in the Baltimore region were in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics as of mid-2013, a fact attributed in part to the city's extensive undergraduate and graduate schools; maintenance and repair experts were included in this count.<ref name="bizjournal">{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/blog/2013/06/stem-jobs-account-for-23-of.html |title=STEM jobs account for 23% of Baltimore-area workforce, Brookings says |access-date=July 8, 2013}}</ref>

===Port===
{{Update section|date=March 2024}}
The center of international commerce for the region is the [[Baltimore World Trade Center|World Trade Center Baltimore]]. It houses the Maryland Port Administration and U.S. headquarters for major shipping lines. Baltimore is ranked 9th for total dollar value of cargo and 13th for cargo tonnage for all U.S. ports. In 2014, total cargo moving through the port totaled 29.5 million tons, down from 30.3 million tons in 2013. The value of cargo traveling through the port in 2014 came to $52.5 billion, down from $52.6 billion in 2013. The [[Port of Baltimore]] generates $3 billion in annual wages and salary, as well as supporting 14,630 direct jobs and 108,000 jobs connected to port work. In 2014, the port generated more than $300 million in taxes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/port.html#cruise |title=Port of Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=Msa.maryland.gov |access-date=October 13, 2015}}</ref>

The port serves over 50 ocean carriers, making nearly 1,800 annual visits. Among all U.S. ports, Baltimore is first in handling automobiles, light trucks, farm and construction machinery; and imported forest products, aluminum, and sugar. The port is second in coal exports. The Port of Baltimore's cruise industry, which offers year-round trips on several lines, supports over 500 jobs and brings in over $90 million to Maryland's economy annually. Growth at the port continues with the Maryland Port Administration plans to turn the southern tip of the former steel mill into a marine terminal, primarily for car and truck shipments, and for anticipated new business coming to Baltimore after the completion of the [[Panama Canal expansion project]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/port.html#cruise |title=Port of Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=Msa.maryland.gov |access-date=October 13, 2015}}</ref>

===Tourism===
Baltimore's history and attractions have made it a popular tourist destination. In 2014, the city hosted 24.5 million visitors, who spent $5.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maryland.newshub.us/baltimore/news/item/08-19-2015/Baltimore%20attracted%20record%20visits_03_%20spending%20in%202014 |title=Baltimore attracted record visits, spending in 2014 &#124; Baltimore, MD &#124; U.S. News Hub – 8/19/2015 |publisher=Maryland.newshub.us |date=August 19, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013142721/http://maryland.newshub.us/baltimore/news/item/08-19-2015/Baltimore%20attracted%20record%20visits_03_%20spending%20in%202014 |archive-date=October 13, 2015 }}</ref> The Baltimore Visitor Center, which is operated by [[Visit Baltimore]], is located on Light Street in the Inner Harbor. Much of the city's tourism centers around the Inner Harbor, with the [[National Aquarium in Baltimore|National Aquarium]] being Maryland's top tourist destination. Baltimore Harbor's restoration has made it "a city of boats", with several historic ships and other attractions on display and open to the public. The [[USS Constellation (1854)|USS ''Constellation'']], the last Civil War-era vessel afloat, is docked at the head of the Inner Harbor; the [[USS Torsk (SS-423)|USS ''Torsk'']], a submarine that holds the Navy's record for dives (more than 10,000); and the Coast Guard cutter ''[[WHEC-37]]'', the last surviving U.S. warship that was in [[Pearl Harbor]] during the [[attack on Pearl Harbor|Japanese attack]] on December 7, 1941, and which engaged Japanese Zero aircraft during the battle.<ref name="soundingsonline.com">{{cite news|author=Stephen Blakely|work=Soundings|date=November 1, 2010|title=The best of Baltimore Begins at the deck of your boat|url=http://www.soundingsonline.com/news/home-waters/102-mid-atlantic/266372-the-best-of-baltimore-begins-at-the-deck-of-your-boat}}</ref>

Also docked is the [[Lightvessel|lightship]] ''Chesapeake'', which for decades marked the entrance to Chesapeake Bay; and the Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse, the oldest surviving [[screw-pile lighthouse]] on Chesapeake Bay, which once marked the mouth of the Patapsco River and the entrance to Baltimore. All of these attractions are owned and maintained by the [[Historic Ships in Baltimore]] organization. The Inner Harbor is also the home port of ''[[Pride of Baltimore II]]'', the state of Maryland's "goodwill ambassador" ship, a reconstruction of a famous [[Baltimore Clipper]] ship.<ref name="soundingsonline.com" />

Other tourist destinations include sporting venues such as [[Oriole Park at Camden Yards]], [[M&T Bank Stadium]], and [[Pimlico Race Course]], [[Fort McHenry]], the [[Mount Vernon, Baltimore|Mount Vernon]], [[Federal Hill, Baltimore|Federal Hill]], and [[Fells Point]] neighborhoods, [[Lexington Market]], [[Horseshoe Casino Baltimore|Horseshoe Casino]], and museums such as the [[Walters Art Museum]], the [[Baltimore Museum of Industry]], the [[Babe Ruth Birthplace and Museum]], the [[Maryland Science Center]], and the [[B&O Railroad Museum]].

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File:Baltimore Visitor Center.JPG|The Baltimore Visitor Center at the [[Inner Harbor]]
File:Fountain@InnerHarbor Baltimore.JPG|Fountain near visitor center in Inner Harbor
File:Sunset@Baltimore 1.JPG|Sunset views from Inner Harbor
File:Sunset@Baltimore 2.JPG|
File:Sunset@Baltimore 3.JPG|
File:Sunset@Baltimore II.JPG
File:BaltimoreNationalAquarium.JPG|Baltimore is the home of the [[National Aquarium in Baltimore|National Aquarium]], one of the world's largest aquariums.
</gallery>
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