Argentina

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Argentina}}
{{See also|List of Argentines}}
[[File:sol de mayo moneda.png|thumb|left|upright|[[Sun of May]] on the [[Asamblea del Año XIII|first Argentine coin]], 1813]]
Argentina is a [[multiculturalism|multicultural country]] with significant European influences. Modern Argentine culture has been largely influenced by [[Italian people|Italian]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] and other European immigration from [[France]], [[Russia]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], among others. Its cities are largely characterized by both the prevalence of people of European descent, and of conscious imitation of American and European styles in fashion, architecture and design.<ref name=frommer>Luongo, Michael. ''Frommer's Argentina''. Wiley Publishing, 2007.</ref> Museums, cinemas, and galleries are abundant in all the large urban centres, as well as traditional establishments such as literary bars, or bars offering [[live music]] of a variety of genres although there are lesser elements of [[Amerindian]] and [[African culture|African]] influences, particularly in the fields of music and art.{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=91}} The other big influence is the [[gaucho]]s and their traditional country lifestyle of self-reliance.{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=123}} Finally, indigenous American traditions have been absorbed into the general cultural milieu.
Argentine writer [[Ernesto Sabato]] has reflected on the nature of the culture of Argentina as follows:
{{blockquote|With the primitive Hispanic American reality fractured in La Plata Basin due to immigration, its inhabitants have come to be somewhat dual with all the dangers but also with all the advantages of that condition: because of our European roots, we deeply link the nation with the enduring values of the Old World; because of our condition of Americans we link ourselves to the rest of the continent, through the folklore of the interior and the old Castilian that unifies us, feeling somehow the vocation of the ''Patria Grande'' San Martín and Bolívar once imagined.
|author=[[Ernesto Sabato]]
|source=''La cultura en la encrucijada nacional'' (1976)<ref>Sabato, Ernesto (1976). ''La cultura en la encrucijada nacional'', Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, pp. 17–18.</ref>}}

=== Literature ===
{{Main|Argentine literature}}
[[File:Argentine literature.jpg|thumb|Four of the most influential Argentine writers. '''Top-left to bottom-right''': [[Julio Cortázar]], [[Victoria Ocampo]], [[Jorge Luis Borges]], and [[Adolfo Bioy Casares]].|alt=Mosaic image showing the four photographs]]
Although Argentina's rich literary history began around 1550,{{sfn|Rivas|1989|p=11}} it reached full independence with [[Esteban Echeverría]]'s ''El Matadero'', a [[Romantic literature|romantic]] landmark that played a significant role in the development of 19th century's Argentine narrative,{{sfn|Foster|Lockhart|Lockhart|1998|p=99}} split by the ideological divide between the popular, federalist epic of [[José Hernández (writer)|José Hernández]]' ''[[Martín Fierro]]'' and the elitist and cultured discourse of [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento|Sarmiento]]'s masterpiece, ''[[Facundo]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Foster|1a2=Lockhart|1a3=Lockhart|1y=1998|1pp=13, 101|2a1=Young|2a2=Cisneros|2y=2010|2p=51}}

The [[Modernist literature|Modernist]] movement advanced into the 20th century including exponents such as [[Leopoldo Lugones]] and poet [[Alfonsina Storni]];{{sfn|Young|Cisneros|2010|pp=51–52}} it was followed by [[Vanguardism]], with [[Ricardo Güiraldes]]'s ''[[Don Segundo Sombra]]'' as an important reference.{{sfnm|1a1=Foster|1a2=Lockhart|1a3=Lockhart|1y=1998|1pp=104, 107–09|2a1=Young|2a2=Cisneros|2y=2010|2p=223}}

[[Jorge Luis Borges]], Argentina's most acclaimed writer and one of the foremost figures in the [[history of literature]],{{sfn|Bloom|1994|p=2}} found new ways of looking at the modern world in [[metaphor]] and philosophical debate and his influence has extended to authors all over the globe. Short stories such as ''[[Ficciones]]'' and ''[[The Aleph (short story collection)|The Aleph]]'' are among his most famous works. He was a friend and collaborator of [[Adolfo Bioy Casares]], who wrote one of the most praised [[science fiction]] [[novel]]s, ''[[The Invention of Morel]]''.{{sfn|Young|Cisneros|2010|pp=52, 80}} [[Julio Cortázar]], one of the leading members of the [[Latin American Boom]] and a major name in 20th century literature,{{sfn|Young|Cisneros|2010|pp=79, 144}} influenced an entire generation of writers in the Americas and Europe.{{sfn|Young|Cisneros|2010|pp=3, 144}}

A remarkable episode in Argentine literary history is the social and literarial dialectica between the so-called [[:es:Grupo Florida|Florida Group]], named this way because its members used to meet together at the [[:es: Confitería Richmond|Richmond Cafeteria]] at Florida street and published in the [[:es:Martín Fierro (Revista)|''Martin Fierro'']] magazine, like [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[:es: Leopoldo Marechal|Leopoldo Marechal]], [[:es:Antonio Berni|Antonio Berni]] (artist), among others; versus the [[:es:Grupo Boedo|Boedo Group]] of [[Roberto Arlt]],
[[:es:Cesar Tiempo|Cesar Tiempo]],
[[:es:Homero Manzi|Homero Manzi]] (tango composer), that used to meet at the
[[:es:Café El Japonés|Japanese Cafe]] and published their works with the [[:es: Editorial Claridad|Editorial Claridad]], with both the cafe and the publisher located at Boedo Avenue.

Other highly regarded Argentine writers, poets and [[essay]]ists include [[Estanislao del Campo]], [[Eugenio Cambaceres]], [[Pedro Bonifacio Palacios]], [[Hugo Wast]], [[Benito Lynch]], [[Enrique Banchs]], [[Oliverio Girondo]], [[Ezequiel Martínez Estrada]], [[Victoria Ocampo]], [[Leopoldo Marechal]], [[Silvina Ocampo]], [[Roberto Arlt]], [[Eduardo Mallea]], [[Manuel Mujica Láinez]], [[Ernesto Sábato]], [[Silvina Bullrich]], [[Rodolfo Walsh]], [[María Elena Walsh]], [[Tomás Eloy Martínez]], [[Manuel Puig]], [[Alejandra Pizarnik]], and [[Osvaldo Soriano]].{{sfnm|1a1=Foster|1a2=Lockhart|1a3=Lockhart|1y=1998|1pp=66, 85, 97–121|2a1=McCloskey|2a2=Burford|2y=2006|2p=43|3a1=Díaz Alejandro|3y=1970|3pp=22, 91|4a1=Young|4a2=Cisneros|4y=2010|4pp=51–54}}

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Argentina}}
[[File:Mercedes Sosa, by Annemarie Heinrich.jpg|thumb|left|Photograph of [[Mercedes Sosa]] by [[Annemarie Heinrich]]]]
[[Tango]], a ''[[Río de la Plata|Rioplatense]]'' musical genre with European and African influences,{{sfn|Miller|2004|p=86}} is one of Argentina's international cultural symbols.{{sfn|Foster|Lockhart|Lockhart|1998|p=121}}
The golden age of tango (1930 to mid-1950s) mirrored that of [[jazz]] and [[swing music|swing]] in the United States, featuring large orchestras like those of [[Osvaldo Pugliese]], [[Aníbal Troilo]], [[Francisco Canaro]], [[Julio de Caro]] and [[Juan d'Arienzo]].{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=43}}
After 1955, virtuoso [[Astor Piazzolla]] popularized ''[[Nuevo tango]]'', a subtler and more intellectual trend for the genre.{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=43}}
Tango enjoys worldwide popularity nowadays with groups like [[Gotan Project]], [[Bajofondo]] and [[Tanghetto]].

Argentina developed strong classical music and dance scenes that gave rise to renowned artists such as [[Alberto Ginastera]], composer; [[Alberto Lysy]], violinist; [[Martha Argerich]] and [[Eduardo Delgado]], pianists; [[Daniel Barenboim]], pianist and [[symphonic orchestra]] director; [[José Cura]] and [[Marcelo Álvarez]], tenors; and to [[ballet dancer]]s [[Jorge Donn]], [[José Neglia]], [[Norma Fontenla]], ''Maximiliano Guerra'', [[Paloma Herrera]], [[Marianela Núñez]], [[Iñaki Urlezaga]] and [[Julio Bocca]].{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=43}}

A national Argentine folk style emerged in the 1930s from dozens of regional musical genres and went on to influence the entirety of [[Latin American music]]. Some of its interpreters, like [[Atahualpa Yupanqui]] and [[Mercedes Sosa]], achieved worldwide acclaim. The [[romantic ballad]] genre included singers of international fame such as [[Sandro de América]]. [[Tenor saxophone|Tenor saxophonist]] [[Gato Barbieri|Leandro "Gato" Barbieri]] and composer and [[big band]] conductor [[Lalo Schifrin]] are among the most internationally successful Argentine jazz musicians.

[[Argentine rock]] developed as a distinct musical style in the mid-1960s, when Buenos Aires and Rosario became cradles of aspiring musicians.
Founding bands like [[Los Gatos]], [[Sui Generis]], [[Almendra (band)|Almendra]] and [[Manal]] were followed by [[Seru Giran]], [[Los Abuelos de la Nada]], [[Soda Stereo]] and [[Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota]], with prominent artists including [[Gustavo Cerati]], [[Litto Nebbia]], [[Andrés Calamaro]], [[Luis Alberto Spinetta]], [[Charly García]], [[Fito Páez]] and [[León Gieco]].{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=43}}

A dance and a musical genre popular at present is [[Cachengue]], a subgenre of [[Argentine cumbia]] and [[reggaeton]] spreading in popularity in nearby countries such as [[Uruguay]], [[Chile]], [[Paraguay]], and [[Bolivia]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.elonce.com/secciones/espectaculos/244338-la-cumbia-turra-tiene-sus-voceros-en-parana-ya-suenan-los-rompebarrios.htm | title = The "cumbia turra "Has its spokespersons in Paraná:" Los Rompebarrios "is already playing | access-date = 29 December 2011 | archive-date = 14 October 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231014050350/https://www.elonce.com/secciones/espectaculos/244338-la-cumbia-turra-tiene-sus-voceros-en-parana-ya-suenan-los-rompebarrios.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Theatre and cinema ===
{{Main|Theatre in Argentina|Cinema of Argentina}}
[[File:Andrés Muschietti.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Andy Muschietti]], director of ''[[It (2017 film)|It]]'', the [[List of highest-grossing horror films|highest-grossing horror film of all-time]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/sep/29/stephen-king-it-the-exorcist-highest-grossing-horror-film-ever|title=Stephen King's It scares off The Exorcist to become highest-grossing horror ever |last=Mumford |first=Gwilym |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=29 September 2017|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114000256/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/sep/29/stephen-king-it-the-exorcist-highest-grossing-horror-film-ever|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/blade-runner-2049-it-movie-horror-record-despicable-me-3-kingsman-never-say-die-weekend-results-international-box-office-1202184382/ |access-date=8 October 2017 |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=8 October 2017 |title='Blade Runner 2049' Launches With $50M Overseas; 'It' Tops $600M WW; 'Despicable 3' Hops Past 'Zootopia' – Intl Box Office |website=Deadline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008205909/http://deadline.com/2017/10/blade-runner-2049-it-movie-horror-record-despicable-me-3-kingsman-never-say-die-weekend-results-international-box-office-1202184382/ |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>]]

Buenos Aires is one of the great theatre capitals of the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radarmagazine.com.au/en/?p=1558 |title=Buenos Aires – A Passionate City |work=Radar Magazine |date=10 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503182412/http://www.radarmagazine.com.au/en/?p=1558 |archive-date=3 May 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> with a scene of international caliber centered on [[Corrientes Avenue]], "the street that never sleeps", sometimes referred to as an intellectual [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in Buenos Aires.{{sfn|Foster|Lockhart|Lockhart|1998|p=48}} [[Teatro Colón]] is a global landmark for [[opera]] and classical performances; its acoustics are considered among the world's top five.{{sfn|Long|2009|pp=21–25}}{{efn-ua|The other top venues being Berlin's [[Konzerthaus Berlin|Konzerthaus]], Vienna's [[Musikverein]], Amsterdam's [[Concertgebouw, Amsterdam|Concertgebouw]] and Boston's [[Symphony Hall, Boston|Symphony Hall]].{{sfn|Long|2009|pp=21–25}}}}

The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in [[Latin American cinema]], along with those produced in [[Cinema of Mexico|Mexico]] and [[Cinema of Brazil|Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Carl J. |last=Mora|title=Mexican Cinema: Reflections of a Society|year=1989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pOwdFIQiTv8C&pg=PA196|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04304-6|page=196}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argentina – Cultura – Cine |date=16 October 2011 |language=es |url=http://www.argentina.ar/_es/cultura/cine/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141530/http://www.argentina.ar/_es/cultura/cine/index.php |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> Started in 1896; by the early 1930s it had already become Latin America's leading film producer, a place it kept until the early 1950s.{{sfn|King|2000|p=36}} The world's first [[list of animated feature films|animated feature films]] were made and released in Argentina, by cartoonist [[Quirino Cristiani]], in 1917 and 1918.<ref>{{cite web|first=Giannalberto|last=Bendazzi |url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.4/articles/bendazzi1.4.html|title=Quirino Cristiani, The Untold Story of Argentina's Pioneer Animator|publisher=Animation World Network|year=1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928121624/http://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.4/articles/bendazzi1.4.html |archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Argentine films have achieved worldwide recognition: the country has won two [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]], for ''[[The Official Story]]'' (1985) and ''[[The Secret in Their Eyes]]'' (2009). In addition, Argentine composers [[Luis Enrique Bacalov]] and [[Gustavo Santaolalla]] have been honored with [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Academy Awards for Best Original Score]], and [[Armando Bó (screenwriter)|Armando Bó]] and [[Nicolás Giacobone]] shared in the [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay]] for 2014. Also, the [[French Argentine|Argentine French]] actress [[Bérénice Bejo]] received a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] in 2011 and won the [[César Award for Best Actress]] and won the [[Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Best Actress]] award in the [[Cannes Film Festival]] for her role in the film ''[[The Past (2013 film)|The Past]]''.<ref name="CannesAwards">{{cite web |url= http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/2013/awardCompetition.html |title= Cannes Film Festival: Awards 2013 |date= 26 May 2013 |access-date= 26 May 2013 |work= Cannes |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131017041240/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/2013/awardCompetition.html |archive-date= 17 October 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Argentina also has won seventeen [[Goya Award for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film|Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film]], being by far the most awarded country in [[Latin America]] with twenty-four nominations. Many other Argentine films also have been acclaimed by international critique. {{As of|2013|alt=In 2013}} about 100 full-length motion pictures were being created annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.german-films.de/fileadmin/mediapool/pdf/Marktanalyse/MarketStudy_ARGENTINA_Aug2013.pdf|title=Market Study – Argentina|publisher=German Films|place=Munich, Germany|date=August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611142447/http://www.german-films.de/fileadmin/mediapool/pdf/Marktanalyse/MarketStudy_ARGENTINA_Aug2013.pdf|archive-date=11 June 2014|url-status = dead}}</ref>

=== Visual arts and architecture ===
{{See also|Argentine painting|Architecture of Argentina}}
[[File:Fuente_de_las_Nereidas.jpg|thumb|left|''Las Nereidas Font'' by [[Lola Mora]]]]
Some of the best-known Argentine painters are [[Cándido López]] and [[Florencio Molina Campos]] ([[Naïve art|Naïve style]]); [[Ernesto de la Cárcova]] and [[Eduardo Sívori]] ([[Realism (art)|Realism]]); [[Fernando Fader]] ([[Impressionism]]); [[Pío Collivadino]], [[Atilio Malinverno]] and [[Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós]] ([[Postimpressionism]]); [[Emilio Pettoruti]] ([[Cubism]]); [[Julio Barragán]] ([[Concretism (art)|Concretism]] and Cubism) [[Antonio Berni]] ([[Neofigurativism]]); [[Roberto Aizenberg]] and [[Xul Solar]] ([[Surrealism]]); [[Gyula Košice]] ([[Constructivism (art)|Constructivism]]); [[Eduardo Mac Entyre]] ([[Generative art]]); [[Luis Seoane]], ''Carlos Torrallardona'', ''Luis Aquino'', ''Alfredo Gramajo Gutiérrez'' ([[Modernism]]); [[Lucio Fontana]] ([[Spatialism]]); [[Tomás Maldonado]], [[Guillermo Kuitca]] ([[Abstract art]]); [[León Ferrari]], [[Marta Minujín]] ([[Conceptual art]]); [[Ciruelo Cabral|Gustavo Cabral]] ([[Fantasy art]]), and [[Fabian Perez|Fabián Pérez (Neoemotionalism)]].{{vague|date=February 2022}}

In 1946 Gyula Košice and others created The [[Madí Movement]] in Argentina, which then spread to Europe and the United States, where it had a significant impact.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Jennifer|title=Lively, playful geometric works of art for fun|work=St. Petersburg Times|place=St. Petersburg, FL|date=16 July 2006}}</ref> Tomás Maldonado was one of the main theorists of the [[Ulm School of Design|Ulm Model]] of design education, still highly influential globally. Other Argentine artists of worldwide fame include [[Adolfo Bellocq]], whose [[lithograph]]s have been influential since the 1920s, and [[Benito Quinquela Martín]], the quintessential port painter, inspired by the immigrant-bound [[La Boca]] neighbourhood. Internationally laureate sculptors [[Erminio Blotta]], [[Lola Mora]] and [[Rogelio Yrurtia]] authored many of the classical evocative monuments of the Argentine cityscape.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The colonization brought the [[Spanish Baroque architecture]], which can still be appreciated in its simpler ''Rioplatense'' style in the [[Indian Reductions|reduction]] of [[San Ignacio Miní]], the [[Cathedral of Córdoba (Argentina)|Cathedral of Córdoba]], and the Cabildo of Luján. Italian and French influences increased at the beginning of the 19th century with strong [[Eclectic architecture|eclectic]] overtones that gave the local architecture a unique feeling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20130226-preserving-history-in-buenos-aires|title=Preserving history in Buenos Aires|last=Martínez-Carter|first=Karina|publisher=BBC Travel|date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123055257/http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20130226-preserving-history-in-buenos-aires|archive-date=23 January 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>

=== Mass media ===
{{Main|Communications in Argentina}}
[[File:Canal_7_Argentina.JPG|thumb|Headquarters of the [[TV Pública Digital (Argentina)|Channel 7]], the first television station in the country]]
The print media industry is highly developed in Argentina, with more than two hundred newspapers. The major national ones include {{lang|es|[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]}} (centrist, Latin America's best-seller and the second most widely circulated in the Spanish-speaking world), ''[[La Nación (Buenos Aires)|La Nación]]'' (centre-right, published since 1870), ''[[Página/12]]'' (leftist, founded in 1987), ''[[La Voz del Interior]]'' (centre, founded in 1904),{{sfn|Aeberhard|Benson|Phillips|2000|p=45}} and the ''[[Argentinisches Tageblatt]]'' (German weekly, liberal, published since 1878).{{sfn|Akstinat|2013|p=20}}

Argentina began [[History of radio|the world's first regular radio broadcasting]] on 27 August 1920, when [[Richard Wagner]]'s ''[[Parsifal]]'' was aired by a team of medical students led by [[Enrique Telémaco Susini]] in Buenos Aires' [[Teatro Coliseo]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Don |title=Radio with a past in Argentina |url=http://www.pateplumaradio.com/south/misc/argendx.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523000648/http://www.pateplumaradio.com/south/misc/argendx.html |archive-date=23 May 2013}} A slightly edited version of this article was originally published as {{cite magazine |last1=Moore|first1=Don|date=January 1995 |title=Argentina: Radio with a Past|journal=Monitoring Times|publisher=Grove Enterprises |place=Brasstown, NC}}</ref> {{As of|2002|alt=By 2002}} there were 260 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] and 1150 [[FM broadcasting|FM]] registered radio stations in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Argentina–Infraestructura |publisher=Mi Buenos Aires Querido |year=2002 |url=http://www.mibuenosairesquerido.com/xArgentina6.htm |access-date=2 October 2008 |language=es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130723032928/http://www.mibuenosairesquerido.com/xArgentina6.htm |archive-date=23 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Television in Argentina|Argentine television]] industry is large, diverse and popular across Latin America, with many productions and [[TV format]]s having been exported abroad. Since 1999 Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/tilan/statistics/cable_table.html|title=Homes with Cable TV in Latin America|publisher=LANIC – Latin American Network Information Center|place=Austin, TX|year=1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113022948/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/tilan/statistics/cable_table.html|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status = live}}</ref> {{as of|2014|lc=y}} totaling 87.4% of the country's households, a rate similar to those in the United States, Canada and Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamac.org/argentina/metricas/total-por-tv-paga/|title=Penetración TV paga en hogares 2014 – Argentina|publisher=LAMAC – Latin American Multichannel Advertising Council|place=Coral Gables, FL|year=2014|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502045137/http://www.lamac.org/argentina/metricas/total-por-tv-paga/|archive-date=2 May 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2 May 2014}}</ref>

{{As of|2011|alt=By 2011}} Argentina also had the highest coverage of networked telecommunications among Latin American powers: about 67% of its population had internet access and the ratio of mobile phone subscriptions to population was 137.2%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetworldstats.com/south.htm|title=South America|publisher=IWS–ITU – Internet World Stats|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402230620/http://www.internetworldstats.com/south.htm|archive-date=2 April 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Based on the results the data analysis seems to be fairly naive, however it is not clear what methodology the modern site uses either|date=June 2023}}

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Argentine cuisine}}
[[File:Asado_2005.jpg|thumb|[[Argentine beef]] as ''[[asado]]''|alt=Table with a cut of Argentine beef, wine, sauces and spices]]
Besides many of the pasta, sausage and dessert dishes common to continental Europe, Argentines enjoy a wide variety of Indigenous and [[Criollo people|Criollo]] creations, including ''[[empanada]]s'' (a small stuffed pastry), ''[[locro]]'' (a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd), ''[[humita]]'' and ''[[mate (beverage)|mate]]''.{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|pp=79, 199, 221}} In various localities of Argentina, this dish is consumed as a [[beefmelt]].

The country has the highest consumption of [[red meat]] in the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-2/tilling/2006-2-12.htm|last=Steiger|first=Carlos|title=Modern Beef Production in Brazil and Argentina|work=Choices Magazine|place=Milwaukee, WI|year=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235801/http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-2/tilling/2006-2-12.htm|archive-date=2 December 2013|url-status = live}}</ref> traditionally prepared as ''[[asado]]'', the Argentine barbecue. It is made with various types of meats, often including ''[[chorizo]]'', [[sweetbread]], [[chitterlings]], and [[blood sausage]].{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|p=79}}

Common desserts include ''[[facturas]]'' ([[Viennese cuisine|Viennese-style]] pastry), [[cake]]s and [[pancake]]s filled with ''[[dulce de leche]]'' (a sort of milk [[caramel]] jam), ''[[alfajor]]es'' (shortbread cookies sandwiched together with chocolate, ''dulce de leche'' or a fruit paste), and ''[[torta frita|tortas fritas]]'' (fried cakes){{sfnm|1a1=Aeberhard|1a2=Benson|1a3=Phillips|1y=2000|1p=31|2a1=McCloskey|2a2=Burford|2a3=2006|2pp=80, 143}}

[[Argentine wine]], one of the world's finest,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wine-pages.com/resources/argenexp.htm|first=Tom|last=Cannavan|title=About Argentine wine|publisher=Wine Pages|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211132347/http://www.wine-pages.com/resources/argenexp.htm|archive-date=11 December 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref> is an integral part of the local menu. [[Malbec]], [[Torrontés]], [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Syrah]] and [[Chardonnay]] are some of the most sought-after [[international varieties|varieties]].{{sfn|McCloskey|Burford|2006|pp=230, 252, 261–62, 265}}

=== Sport ===
{{Main|Sport in Argentina}}
[[File:Lionel Messi WC2022.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Footballer [[Lionel Messi]], eight-time [[Ballon d'Or]] winner, is the current captain of the [[Argentina national football team]].]]

''[[Pato]]'' is the [[national sport]],<ref name=pato1>{{cite Argentine law|d=17468/1953|date=25 September 1953|bo=17490}}</ref> an ancient horseback game locally originated in the early 1600s and predecessor of [[horseball]].{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=124–25}}<ref name=pato2>{{cite web|url=http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/sports/C480-pato-argentinas-national-sport.php |title=Pato, Argentina's national sport |work=Argentina – Portal público de noticias de la República Argentina |publisher=Secretaría de Medios de Comunicación – Presidencia de la Nación |place=Buenos Aires |date=18 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706075011/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/sports/C480-pato-argentinas-national-sport.php |archive-date= 6 July 2011 |url-status = dead|quote=In 1610, thirty years after [[Buenos Aires]]' second foundation and two hundred years before the [[May Revolution]], a document drafted by the military anthropologist [[Félix de Azara]] described a ''pato'' sport scene taking place in the city.}}</ref> 

The most popular sport is [[Association football|football]]. Along with [[Brazilian national football team|Brazil]] and [[French national football team|France]], the [[Argentina national football team|men's national team]] is the only one to have won the most important international triplet: [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], [[FIFA Confederations Cup|Confederations Cup]], and the [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Gold Medal]]. It has also won 15 [[Copa América|Copas América]], 7 [[Football at the Pan American Games|Pan American Gold Medals]] and many other trophies.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=14–23}} [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]], [[Diego Maradona]] and [[Lionel Messi]] are among the best players in the game's history.{{sfn|Friedman|2007|pp=56, 127}}

The country's [[Argentina women's national field hockey team|women's field hockey team ''Las Leonas'']], is one of the world's most successful with four [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic medals]], two [[Women's Hockey World Cup|World Cups]], a [[FIH Hockey World League|World League]] and seven [[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]].{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=11}} [[Luciana Aymar]] is recognized as the best female player in the history of the sport,<ref name=hwc1>{{cite web|url=http://www.rabobankhockeyworldcup2014.com/video/meet-luciana-aymar-las-leonas-argentina|title=Meet Luciana Aymar – Las Leonas (Argentina)|publisher=Rabobank Hockey World Cup 2014|place=Nieuwegein|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616131926/http://www.rabobankhockeyworldcup2014.com/video/meet-luciana-aymar-las-leonas-argentina|archive-date=16 June 2014|url-status = dead|access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref> being the only player to have received the [[FIH Player of the Year Awards|FIH Player of the Year Award]] eight times.<ref name=fih1>{{cite web|url=http://www.fih.ch/en/news-4873-amazing-aymar-lands-eighth-fih-player-of|title=Amazing Aymar lands eighth FIH Player of the Year crown|publisher=FIH – Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon [International Hockey Federation]|place=Lausanne, Switzerland|date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212013213/http://www.fih.ch/en/news-4873-amazing-aymar-lands-eighth-fih-player-of|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>

[[Basketball]] is a very popular sport. The [[Argentina national basketball team|men's national team]] is the only one in the [[FIBA Americas]] zone that has won the quintuplet crown: [[FIBA World Championship|World Championship]], [[Basketball at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Gold Medal]], [[FIBA Diamond Ball|Diamond Ball]], [[FIBA Americas Championship|Americas Championship]], and [[Basketball at the Pan American Games|Pan American Gold Medal]]. It has also conquered 13 [[South American Basketball Championship|South American Championships]], and many other tournaments.<ref name=fiba1>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/14/wcm/team/p/rid//sid/6241/tid/237/profile.html|title=Argentina – Profile|publisher=FIBA – Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball [International Basketball Federation]|place=Mies, Switzerland|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616165816/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/14/wcm/team/p/rid//sid/6241/tid/237/profile.html|archive-date=16 June 2014|url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Emanuel Ginóbili]], [[Luis Scola]], [[Andrés Nocioni]], [[Fabricio Oberto]], [[Pablo Prigioni]], [[Carlos Delfino]] and [[Juan Ignacio Sánchez]] are a few of the country's most acclaimed players, all of them part of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]].{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=11}} Argentina hosted the [[Basketball World Cup]] in 1950 and 1990.

[[Rugby Union|Rugby]] is another popular sport in Argentina. {{As of|2017}}, the [[Argentina national rugby union team|men's national team]], known as 'Los Pumas' has competed at the [[Rugby World Cup]] each time it has been held, achieving their highest-ever result in [[2007 Rugby World Cup|2007]] when they came third. Since [[2012 Rugby Championship|2012]], the Los Pumas have competed against [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] & [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa]] in [[The Rugby Championship]], the premier international Rugby competition in the Southern Hemisphere. Since 2009 the [[Argentina Jaguars|secondary men's national team]] known as the 'Jaguares' has competed against the [[USA Selects|US]], [[Canada A national rugby union team|Canada]], and [[Uruguay national rugby union team|Uruguay]] first teams in the [[Americas Rugby Championship]], which Los Jaguares have won six out of eight times it has taken place.
[[File:Campeonato Argentino de Polo 2010 - 5236515585 2b8cb412de o.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo|Argentine Polo Open Championship]]]]

Argentina has produced some of the most formidable champions for [[boxing]], including [[Carlos Monzón]], the best [[middleweight]] in history;<ref name=thering1>{{cite web|url=http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/169390-10-best-middleweight-titleholders-of-the-last-50-years/11 |last=Fischer |first=Doug |title=10: Best middleweight titleholders of the last 50 years |publisher=The Ring |place=Blue Bell, PA |date=30 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615032944/http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/169390-10-best-middleweight-titleholders-of-the-last-50-years/11 |archive-date=15 June 2014 |url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Pascual Pérez (boxer)|Pascual Pérez]], one of the most decorated [[flyweight]] boxers of all times; [[Horacio Accavallo]], the former [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] and [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] world flyweight champion; [[Víctor Galíndez]], {{as of|2009|lc=y}}, record holder for consecutive world [[light heavyweight]] title defenses and [[Nicolino Locche]], nicknamed "The Untouchable" for his masterful defense; they are all inductees into the [[International Boxing Hall of Fame]].{{sfn|Rodríguez|2009|pp=164–65}}

[[Tennis]] has been quite popular among people of all ages. [[Guillermo Vilas]] is the greatest Latin American player of the [[History of tennis|Open Era]],{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=144}} while [[Gabriela Sabatini]] is the most accomplished Argentine female player of all time—having reached number 3 in the [[WTA ranking]],{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=135}} are both inductees into the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]].<ref name=ithf1>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/members|title=Hall of Fame Members|publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum|place=Newport, RI|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214070259/http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/members|archive-date=14 February 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> Argentina has won the [[World Team Cup]] four times, in 1980, 2002, [[2007 ARAG World Team Cup|2007]] and [[2010 ARAG World Team Cup|2010]] and has reached the semifinals of the [[Davis Cup]] 7 times in the last 10 years, losing the finals against Russia in [[2006 Davis Cup|2006]] and Spain in [[2008 Davis Cup|2008]] and [[2011 Davis Cup|2011]]; the Argentine team also played the final in [[1981 Davis Cup|1981]], where they lost against the United States. The national squad won the [[2016 Davis Cup]].

Argentina reigns undisputed in [[polo]], having won more international championships than any other country and been seldom beaten since the 1930s.{{sfn|Aeberhard|Benson|Phillips|2000|pp=50–51}} The [[Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo|Argentine Polo Championship]] is the sport's most important international team trophy. The country is home to most of the world's top players, among them [[Adolfo Cambiaso]], the best in Polo history.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=128}}

Historically, Argentina has had a strong showing within [[auto racing]]. [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] was a five-time [[Formula One]] world champion under four different teams, winning 102 of his 184 international races, and is widely ranked as the greatest driver of all time.{{sfnm|1a1=Nauright|1a2=Parrish|1y=2012|1p=98|2a1=Dougall|2y=2013|2pp=170–171}} Other distinguished racers were [[Oscar Alfredo Gálvez]], [[Juan Gálvez (racing driver)|Juan Gálvez]], [[José Froilán González]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]].{{sfnm|1a1=Arbena|1y=1999|1p=147|2a1=Dougall|2y=2013|2pp=170–171, 195}}